Feminist Theory

Feminism refers to political, cultural, and economic movements aimed at establishing greater rights, legal protection for women, and or women's liberation. It includes some of the sociological theories and philosophies concerned with issues of gender difference. Nancy Cott defines feminism as the belief in the importance of gender equality, invalidating the idea of gender hierarchy as a socially constructed concept. Feminism has earned itself a bad reputation, but it never undermined gender differences that exist between males and females. A man can never be as good a mother as a female can.Similarly, a woman can never be as good a father as a male can. While accepting these anatomical and physiological differences between the two genders, feminism seeks for both genders to be equally respected. They are both human and as a species, humans cannot progress without either one of them. Maggie Humm and Rebecca Walker divide the history of feminism into three waves. The first wave transpi red in the nineteenth and early twentieth century’s, the second occurred in the 1960s and 1970s, and the third extends from the 1990s to the present.In each wave of the movement, though men have taken part in significant responses to feminism, the relationship between men and feminism has been complex. Historically, a number of men have engaged with feminism. Philosopher Jeremy Bentham demanded equal rights for women in the eighteenth century. In 1866, philosopher John Stuart Mill presented a women's petition to the British Parliament and supported an amendment to the 1867 Reform Bill.An extension of feminism into theoretical or philosophical fields such as anthropology, sociology, economics, women's studies, literary criticism, art history, and psychoanalysis is called feminist theory. Feminist theory aims to understand gender inequality and focuses on gender politics, power relations, and sexuality. While providing a critique of these social and political relations, much of feminist theory focuses on the promotion of women's rights and interests. Themes explored in feminist theory include discrimination, stereotyping, objectification (especially sexual objectification), oppression, and patriarchy.Today, feminist theory has manifested in a variety of disciplines such as feminist geography, feminist history, feminist theology, and feminist literary criticism and has changed traditional perspectives on a wide range of areas in human life, from culture to law. Feminist activists have campaigned for women's legal rights such as rights of contract, property rights, and voting rights while also promoting women's rights to bodily integrity and autonomy, abortion rights, and reproductive rights.They have struggled to protect women and girls from domestic violence, sexual harassment, and rape. On economic matters, feminists have advocated for workplace rights, including maternity leave and equal pay, and against other forms of gender-specific discrimination aga inst women. During much of its history, feminist movements and theories were led predominantly by middle-class white women from Western Europe and North America. However, at least since Sojourner Truth's 1851 speech to American feminists, women of other races have proposed alternative feminisms.This trend accelerated in the 1960s with the civil rights movement in the United States and the collapse of European colonialism in Africa, the Caribbean, parts of Latin America, and Southeast Asia. Since that time, women in former European colonies and the Third World have proposed postcolonial and Third World feminisms. Postcolonial feminists argue that oppression relating to the colonial experience, particularly racial, class, and ethnic oppression, has marginalized women in postcolonial societies.They challenge the assumption that gender oppression is the primary force of patriarchy. They object to portrayals of women of non-Western societies as passive and voiceless victims and the portr ayal of Western women as modern, educated, and empowered. Today, they struggle to fight gender oppression within their own cultural models of society rather than through those imposed by the Western colonizers. They, thus, react against both universalizing tendencies in Western feminist thought and a lack of attention to gender issues in mainstream postcolonial thought.Some postcolonial feminists, such as Chandra Talpade Mohanty and Black feminists, such as Angela Davis and Alice Walker, are critical of Western feminism for being ethnocentric. Chandra Talpade Mohanty criticizes Western feminism on the ground that it does not take into account the unique experiences of women from third-world countries or the existence of feminisms indigenous to third-world countries. This discourse is strongly related to African feminism and is also associated with concepts such as black feminism, womanism, Africana womanism, motherism, Stiwanism, negofeminism, chicana feminism, and femalism.Pro-femi nism is the support of feminism without implying that the supporter is a member of the feminist movement. The term is most often used in reference to men who are actively supportive of feminism and of their efforts to bring about gender equality. The activities of pro- feminist men's groups include anti-violence work with boys and young men in schools, offering sexual harassment workshops in workplaces, running community education campaigns, and counseling male perpetrators of violence.Pro-feminist men also are involved in men's health, activism against pornography including anti-pornography legislation, men's studies, and the development of gender equity curricula in schools. This work is sometimes in collaboration with feminists and women's services, such as domestic violence and rape crisis centers. Some activists of both genders refer to all pro-feminist men as ‘pro-feminists' and not as ‘feminists'. There have been positive and negative reactions and responses to fe minism, depending on the individual man and the social context of the time.These responses have varied from pro-feminism to masculism to anti-feminism. In the twenty-first century, new reactions to feminist ideologies have emerged, including a generation of male scholars involved in gender studies and men's rights activists who promote male equality including equal treatment in family, divorce, and anti ­discrimination law. Today, academics like Michael Flood, Michael Messner, and Michael Kimmel are involved with men's studies and pro- feminism.The United Nations Human Development Report 2004 estimated that, when both paid employment and unpaid household tasks are accounted for, on average women work more than men. In rural areas of selected developing countries women performed an average of 20 per cent more work than men, or an additional 102 minutes per day. In the OECD countries surveyed, on average women performed 5 per cent more work than men, or 20 minutes per day. On 3 Sept ember 1981. The UN Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW), described as an international bill of rights for women, came into force.While Iran, Sudan, Somalia, Qatar, Nauru, Palau, and Tonga have not ratified CEDAW, several countries have ratified the Convention subject to certain declarations, reservations, and objections. A number of feminist writers maintain that identifying as a feminist is the strongest stand men can take in the struggle against sexism. They have argued that men should be allowed, or even be encouraged, to participate in the feminist movement. Other female feminists counter- argue that men cannot be feminists simply because they are not women.They maintain that men are granted inherent privileges that prevent them from identifying with feminist struggles, thus making it impossible for them to identify with feminists. Irrespective of what the feminist writers maintain, the feminist movement has effected change in Wester n society, including women's suffrage, greater access to education, more nearly equitable pay with men, the right to initiate divorce proceedings and ‘no fault' divorce, and the right of women to make individual decisions regarding pregnancy (including access to contraceptives and abortion), as well as the right to own property.

Law Exam Review

Or the victim choosing not to have a blood transfusion? * Court Ruling: * Guilty. Thin skull rule Those who use violence against others must take victims as they find them Blaue had to take the victim as a Jehovah’s Witness * The defendant is not responsible if the victim dies as a result of an unrelated event If his actions led to the event, he is still guilty R v Hummel (Stare decisis- lower courts must follow higher courts) * Summary: Judge Perkins did not follow a binding decision of a higher court (contravening the doctrine of stare decisis) * Perkins struck down a section of the criminal code, in favour of the defendant * The crown appealed, and judge Clements disagreed with Perkins, allowing the appeal * Shortly after, Perkins had another ssimilar case, and refused to follow Clement’s judgment. He once again adopted his own reasoning as in the previous case. * Legal Principle: * Decisions of a higher court must be followed because that is what holds common law to gether.Their decisions are â€Å"binding decisions† * It doesn’t matter that Perkins could have been more intelligent than Clements * Rulings of higher courts bind lower courts R v Ladue (Does mistake negate mens rea? ) * Summary: * Woman at a party died from drinking too much alcohol * Forensics showed that Ladue had sex with her after he died * He couldn’t be charged with sexual assault because he was dead * He was charged with doing an indignity to a dead body * Used the defense that he did not know she was dead, so he had no mens reaR v Bird and Bolduc (Doctor allowed friend to examine patient) * Summary: * doctor told a female patient that his friend was a medical intern * she gave consent for the friend to observe a medical examination * The fraud was as to the identity of the onlooker, not as to the act, of which she knew and understood. * Legal Principal: * Was consent obtained fraudulently as to the nature and quality of the act? * Court Ruling: * Boldu c did exactly what the victim understood he would do.There was no fraud on his part as to what he was going to do * Victim knew that Bird was present and consented to his presence * Innocent: the fraud had nothing to do with the act, but with Bird’s identity * If he touched her, it would have turned into an assault R v Campbell and Mlynarchuk (Stripper case, mistake of law) * Summary: * Campbell was convicted of dancing naked * Previously, Alberta supreme court made dancing naked legal * Campbell did not know that the Court of Appeal overruled it * Legal Principle: Mistake of fact is a defense to a criminal charge, mistake of law is not * Court Ruling: * Campbell’s mistake was one of law She coincluded that the decision of the judge correctly stated the law, which it did not * Although this is not fair, it is necessary in order to prevent ignorance of the law as a defense * Out of the sense of justice, (naked dancing is not a prevalent problem), Campbell got an absolut e discharge * Mistake of fact is a defense to a criminal charge, mistake of law is not R v Keegstra (Freedom of speech vs hate speech) * Summary: Keegstra was a schoolteacher who taught his sstudents anti-Semitism and expected them to use his teachings on exams. If they didn’t, their marks suffered * A few months after a paren't complained, Mr. Keegstra was dismissed * Legal Principle: * S. 319 bans promoting hatred against an identifiable group * Charter protects freedom of speech * Court Ruling: * Court of Appeal states it was protected under s. 319 2(b), which protects innocent and imprudent speech (people who think that their hate speech is actually true) * Majority: Failed the Oakes proportionality test.Hate propaganda contributes little to the quest for truth, or the protection and fostering of a vibrant democracy The infringement was justified R v Rabey (Automatism) * Summary: * Stabbed a woman after finding out that she doesn’t like him * Used the defense of no n-insane automatism, stating that he had a blackout due to his rage (powerful emotional shock) * Legal Principle: * Was his dissociative state due to a disease of the mind? * Court Ruling: * His automatism was insane * Ordinary stresses and disappointments of life do not explain the mind alfunctioning * Rabey’s emotional stress from the girl’s rejection is not reasonable It was due to his psychological or emotional make-up, thus constituting â€Å"disease of the mind† R v Ruzic (Duress) * Summary: * Ruzic landed in Pearson airport with 2 kilos of heroin and a fake passport * She used the defense of duress, because a man in Serbia would kill her mother if she didn’t listen to him

Effects Of Child Exposure On Domestic Violence Essay

Denhyia Brigmon Kathy Johnson AP Language November 30, 2016 Effects of Child Exposure to Domestic Violence Children look at their parents as their own personal hero’s, but what type of a role model is a father who hits a mother? Who is truly to blame when a child feels responsible for what’s happening in the home? Being exposed to domestic violence seriously threatens the health and emotional wellbeing of children. Researchers found date that when domestic violence occurs in households with children, the children grow up feeling guilty, hopeless, and unloved. Sometimes these children follow in the footsteps of their parents by becoming the abuser. Some grow up to commit crimes; others turn to drugs for comfort. What is Domestic Violence? Domestic violence is regularly more than simply physical abuse. It includes sexual, emotional, and mental brutality. At first, distinguishing the signs of an abusive relationship can hard, you never know what a person is actually going through unless they tell you. It is exceptionally regular for survivors to recognize the start of mishandle as the first time the abusers hit them, yet truly the cycle of violence may have begun early in the relationship. Perpetrators have a tendency to be attractive and extremely persuading when applying force and control approaches. However, understanding normal events or patterns in an unhealthy relationship and having the capacity to start an educated discussion is a step to healing, mending, andShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Child Exposure On Domestic Violence Essay1255 Words   |  6 Pages Introduction Although child exposure to domestic violence is quite prevalent, a review of academic literature reveals few studies focused on the experiences of children who lived with violent parents. The search did not reveal any studies that focus on how children experienced an intervention by the child welfare community. More research is needed to provide a voice for those children and provide the lack of information that s needed. This research proposal entails the lives of childrenRead MoreThe Negative Results of Childhood Exposure to Domestic Violence 979 Words   |  4 Pages The phrase â€Å"domestic violence† typically refers to violence between adult partners. Sadly, it has been estimated that every year between 3.3 and ten million children are exposed to domestic violence in the confines of their own home (Moylan, Herrenkohl, Sousa et al. 2009). According to research conducted by John W. Fantuzzo and Wanda K. Mohr (1999): â€Å"Exposure to domestic violence can include watching or hearing the violent events, direct involvement (for example, trying to intervene or callingRead MoreThe Negative Results of Childhood Exposure to Domestic Violence854 Words   |  4 Pages The phrase â€Å"domestic violence† typically refers to violence between adult intimate partners. It has been estimated that every year there are about 3.3 to 10 million children exposed to domestic violence in the confines of their own home (Moylan, Herrenkohl, Sousa et al. 2009). According to research conducted by John W. Fantuzzo and Wanda K. Mohr(1999): â€Å"[e]xposure to domestic violence can include watching or hearing the violent events, direct involvement (for example, trying to intervene or callingRead MoreLong-Term Consequences of Childhood Exposure to Domestic Violence948 Words   |  4 PagesLong-Term Consequences of Childhood Exposure to Domestic Violence Abstract: Domestic violence effects everybody in a family. Patterns of abuse from one parent to another, between both parents or directed toward a child all have a composite effect of inflicting potentially severe emotional damage upon the child. The research outlined here identifies domestic violence as a serious sociological problem and consequently provides a usable definition of domestic violence for the present study. This is followedRead MoreEffects Of Domestic Violence On Children990 Words   |  4 Pageswhen a child is exposed to domestic violence at an early age, that child adapts to these adverse circumstance and situations (Holmes, 2013). Therefore, children who are regularly exposed to domestic violence may initially display less aggressive behaviors than children who are never exposed. However, this is due to their fear of being a victim of a physical assault (Holmes, 2013). This finding was interesting because it shows how deeply the children are affected by exposure to domestic violence. TheRead MoreDomestic Violence and Social Problems1268 Words   |  6 PagesDomestic violence is a devastating social problem that impacts every sector of our population. Domestic violence is a pattern of abusive behavior in any relationship that is used by one partner to gain or maintain power and control over another intimate partner(USDOJ,2012). Domestic violence can be physical, economic, emotional, sexual, or psychological. Physical domestic violence is an attempt to impose physical injury such as grabbing, slapping, hitting, biting, etc. Physical violence can alsoRead MoreDomestic Violence And Its Effects On Children1445 Words   |  6 PagesWhat is domestic Violence? Domestic Violence is described as violent or aggressive behavior within the home, typically involving the violent abuse of a spouse or partner. Many children end up being the victims to seeing domestic violence in the home which is very unhealthy to their development. Some children may development re sentment toward both parents- one for not leaving and the other for causing the abuse. Depression, aggressive behavior, emotional distress and suicide depending on the severityRead MoreEssay about CJA 314 WEEK 4 CHILD EXPOSURE TO DOMESTIC VIOLENCE987 Words   |  4 Pages Child Exposure to Domestic Violence Child Exposure to Domestic Violence Child exposure to domestic violence has become the modern trend, which is happening way too often in many homes throughout the world today. Child exposure to domestic violence makes the exposed child to physiological indent to violence. Domestic violence is treated with consequences for violating the law. The crime can be considered a personal crime with traumatic psychological anxiety for the viewers ofRead MoreHow Does Domestic Violence Affect Children? Essay1736 Words   |  7 PagesBritannica, domestic violence, also known as domestic abuse, refers to any abuse that takes place among people living in the same household (Encyclopedia Britannica, 2008. Encyclopedia Britannica Online). Domestic violence includes, but is not limited to, spousal abuse and child abuse. Fighting, name-calling, destruction of property, harassment, sexual abuse, the misuse of power and exercise of control (intimidation) over the other person’s finances or actions are all classified as domestic vi olence. ChildrenRead MoreEssay about The Effects of Domestic Violence on Children1448 Words   |  6 PagesHow does domestic violence between parents and parental figures affect the children who witness it? This is a question often asked by Sociologists and Psychologists alike. There have been studies that prove that children who witness domestic inter-parental violence experience mental health problems, issues with gender roles, substance abuse, the committing of crimes and suicide/suicide attempts later in their lives. This paper will explore all five of these effects of domestic violence on children

The Mexican American War An Important Part Of United...

Many historians consider the Mexican-American war to be an important part of United States’ history. It allowed the young nation to uncover what their true values were and come into its potential as a world power. The Mexican-American war cemented the United States’ role as a world power as the people banded together and put aside differences to secure the supremacy of their way of life. It expanded the values of the American society beyond parochial lives and improved the overall quality of life, it brought about greater nationalism, and ultimately the belief that they the people had the right and might to expand their territory as they saw fit. From the very beginning of the war, it had strong support from within the United States, because the federal government took an activist role in the war effort. President Polk â€Å"defined the role of the Commander-in-Chief during wartime† he showed great â€Å"personal strength, leadership, and determination† (J ohannsen 15). This was much different than the approach of the government during the War of 1812, where â€Å"James Madison had exercised little leadership† (Johannson 15). As soon as the war bill was passed by Congress in 1845 great demonstrations in support of the war broke out across the country and â€Å"the New York Herald predicted that the war would ‘lay the foundation of a new age, a new destiny, affecting both this continent and the old continent of Europe† (Johannsen 8). The people felt the war would catapult the nation onto theShow MoreRelatedThe Mexican American War : A War Between Mexico And The United States1229 Words   |  5 PagesMonica Vela Kerry Jones Composition II November 24, 2014 The Mexican-American War was a war between Mexico and the United States that initiated in 1846 and finished in 1848 in the wake of the U.S capture of Texas, which Mexico considered part of its land. After independence from Spain in 1821, Mexico inherited the provinces of California, New Mexico and Texas. Enervated and virtually bankrupt after the war, the new Mexican government could not control its northern territories that were thousandsRead MoreHistory And Its Impact On America1289 Words   |  6 PagesMany points in history are very important because of how they happened and what effects those historical events made possible in the future. Without history America would not know where we came from or how we got to where we are today. History helps us as Americans make decisions that could improve our future as a country, because without history to lead us in the right direction we could constantly make the same mistakes over and over again. There are many important times in histo ry that greatly influencedRead MoreThe History of Texas Essay746 Words   |  3 PagesThe History of Texas Texas history itself had its own amazing story. The small number of American settlers moved to the land of Texas had led to the dramatic war with the Mexicans. The land of Texas was used to be owned by Mexicans. Due to the argument between Texans and Mexicans caused the battle of San Jacinto and Mexican War. In long ago before American settlers moved to Texas, this place was so rich and an abundance of land. Spanish settlers have lived there forRead MoreEssay The Mexican-American War1216 Words   |  5 PagesThe Mexican-American War. The Mexican-American war was a process of years of battles between the Mexicans and Americans but I think after this informational paper, you’ll seem to know a little bit more knowledge about it. How it all started, well in the beginning, the Americans and Mexicans both wanted to control Texas, but at the time it was a part of the Mexican territory, well soon enough Americans wanted control over it so badly that they started to travel into Texas’s land. Part of the reasonRead MoreEssay about The Mexican War by Otis A. Singletary590 Words   |  3 Pagesaspects of the Mexican war. It is a compelling description and concise history of the first successful offensive war in United States military history. The work examines two countries that were unprepared for war. The political intrigues and quarrels in appointing the military commanders, as well as the military operations of the war, are presented and analyzed in detail. The author also analyzes the role that the Mexi can War played in bringing on the U.S. Civil War. The Mexican-American War of the 1840sRead MoreMexican American War And The United States1102 Words   |  5 Pagesof the most important war in the history of United State was the â€Å"Mexican-American War†, also called by Mexicans â€Å"the United State Invasion†. The war begun in the 19th century when the United State expansion cause disagreements with the Mexicans. One important character in the United State side was the president James K. Polk who served during the war time. Beside Mexico side the president Santa Anna led Mexico to the first the battle of Mexico with Texas which later one bring the war between thisRead MoreEssay about Territorial Expansion 1800-18501104 Words   |  5 Pagesperiods, but the main impact was territorial expansion. This is true because of the Louisiana Purchase, the purchase of Oregon territory, and the Mexican War. The Louisiana Purchase was the most important event of President Thomas Jeffersons first Administration. In this transaction, the United States bought 827,987 square miles of land from France for about $15 million. This vast area lay between the Mississippi River and the Rocky Mountains,Read MoreHispanic Immigration And The United States850 Words   |  4 Pagesto the United States stems primarily from uniquely developed push-pull migration mechanisms in which â€Å"interplay of national, regional, and global economic developments, the history of U.S. military and foreign policy in the Western Hemisphere, the checkered history of international border enforcement and interdiction efforts, and, not least, the aspirations of Latin American migrants and potential migrants themselves† (Gutierrez). In other words, migration from Latin American to the United StatesRead MoreThe American War Of 1844-481217 Words   |  5 Pagesdo not think there was ever a more wicked war than th at waged by the United States on Mexico† (274). The Mexican-American War of 1844-48 was both a controversial and significant part of United States history, yet it’s forgotten by most Americans today. Events such as, the American-Civil War and Spanish-American war overshadows the memory of the Mexican-American War. However without the consequences of the American conflict with Mexico, American history would look significantly different. That isRead MoreAnalysis Of Hernandez V. Texas1317 Words   |  6 PagesHispanics. Pedro Hernandez is a resident at Edna, Texas, a Mexican guy who was accused of convicting the murder of Joe Espinosa who was also a resident of the same area. Hernandez was found guilty by an all-white jury going all the way to Supreme Court. Their lawyers argue that it wasn’t fair for them not having a Mexican American as a jury and there was only Americans, because in that way they would take advantage of a Mexican American to do whatever they wanted to do with him. In the 1950’s was

Demonstrating Womens Rights in Henrik Ibsens Play, A...

An intriguing play that demonstrates a women’s rights in the late 1800’s. The playwright, Henrik Ibsen, uses this play as an instrument to open our eyes to a different view of what life was like for women back then. Many of his critics view his play as a demonstration of humanism, even though as the play evolves, the audience is able to distinguish how women wanted to be love, considered, and treated; instead of how they were actually interpreted. In 1879, in a quaint doll house lived a family and their house staff, a play by Henrik Ibsen: â€Å"A Doll House†. Nora, the wife, makes some haste decisions in the early start of their marriage to help her husband and family. She kept her rash decisions to herself, so her beloved would never find out, even though it would come out. Her husband, Torvald, took a high level position with the bank after the New Year. Nora’s benefactor finds out and demands help to keep his position or he will let Torvald know about her indiscretion. Even though Nora tries her best to persuade her husband, her hypnotizing skills could not change his view. Torvald reads a letter that was left in their mailbox and finds out what Nora did behind his back. With Torvald’s outrageous reaction, Nora realizes that Torvald is not the man she thought he was. She tells Torvald she is leaving him and walks out the door never to return again. Henrik Ibsen’s, playwright, play of â€Å"A Doll House† is constructed around the view of feminism, woman’s rights. JoanShow MoreRelatedMarxism is the belief that human consciousness is a product of one’s economic conditions, social600 Words   |  3 PagesFeminism is organized activity on behalf of womens rights and interests, believing that there should be equal rights for all women regardless of race, creed, economic conditions, educational status, physical appearance, or ability. (Merriam) In the play â€Å"A Doll House† by Henrik Ibsen, it has been debated for many years which of these factions are being referenced by the playwright. In this essay, I will show that through symbolism and characters, Ibsen’s play is a representation of Marxism; based onRead MoreA Doll s House By Henrik Ibsen1691 Words   |  7 PagesWritten in 1879, A Doll s House remains one of the most famous works by playwright Henrik Ibsen, the founder of modern rea lism. The play utilizes the themes and organization of classical tragedy and manifests Ibsen’s concern for human rights. A Doll’s House tells the story of Nora Helmer, a traditional nineteenth century woman, who breaks the social chains of society that define her role in marriage in order to find herself. Nora’s husband, Torvald, defines his life by what society considers acceptable

Introduction to management National Football Leagues (NFL)

Question: Discuss about the Introduction To Management for National football league (NFL)? Answer: Introduction The project focuses on the ideas that National football league (NFL) has comes into effect among the professional footballers playing football. The research shows the caveat behavior of the footballers who wants to play football professionally. It also comes with a good scope that how NFL can really make professional football secure (Benghozi, Krob and Rowe). In order, the project also illustrates that playing in NFL would be different from being a police officer, NASCAR or an astronaut. Caveat emptor means let the buyer beware. Caveat emptor serves as a warning when the buyer has no recourse with the seller if the product does not meet expectations. In this project, it illustrates a change factor to determine how emptor/buyer chooses to play professional football in NFL. A common way that seeks the information forms an asymmetry where buyer and seller finds guarantee of satisfaction. In NFL, there are rules and regulations on everything. It is observed that head injuries have become a major concern (Schermerhorn). Moreover, the NFL has neither mandated nor recommended officially the helmet models that will test the performance of the top performers. It also protected against the collisions that was linked to the concussions. The extent of caveat behavior among the footballers to play football in NFL appears to be imaginary. The president of the US said that there was something similar, which matched the complexity of footballers in the nation. However, the effect of the brain injury was tied in playing football and it still confirmed the connection of data effectively. It was understandable if this position was solidified in becoming a caveat emptor. Here, the current players of NFL players know that they are buying into the feeling of taking addictive things relatively (Tracy). The hardest part of the gaming zone intimidates with the opponents and forces a game plan. The project reviews a planning area, which would avoid concussion on the long-term areas of head injury (Benghozi, Krob and Rowe). To observe the game plan, players must sit at least one game after he sustains a concussion. Currently, if the player suffers a concussion during a game, he would pass tests related to basic thinking skills and evaluating concentration. It would ideally evolve if mouth guards would be mandatory for playing. However, eliminating kickoffs would be a good area to improve NFL. NFL also requires more equipment to collaborate with high schools and colleges (Daft). Besides, putting independent doctors on the sidelines will be a good policy to make the game safe. This is because the game produces lot of head injuries to the NFL players. In order, the league took a huge step that monitored playing both teams and was able to provide medical staffs with relevant information th at was appropriate for treatment and evaluation. It was seen that trainers diagnosed concussions and prescribed treatment with no authority to remove a player from the game (Kim). Besides, getting retired employees involved with the game would make an impact on the accounts part associated with coaches, mentors and teams to provide experience. Yes, playing a game in front of a huge crowd, in front of the fan followers would differ from a NASCAR driver, a police officer and an astronaut. To cover the ideas, players play the game because they love and want to play the game. Playing football ensures that love, money and obligation would be the ultimate choice for men. It is observed that whatever happened during the past is the ultimate area for NFL and concussions is irrelevant to the current players. With awareness at all times, players know that a risk level is involved more than that. Besides, the focus of a police driver receives indecision which offers risk many times. Thus, safety measures would be particularly relevant (Robbins and Coulter). Additionally, NASCAR drivers face death too. It is also observed that non-supporting professions like the police officers, test pilots, astronauts are indifferent because their job is too much apart from playing football. However, the buzz in this project of a footballer in NFL ap proves that fan following, living a life with sports and other entertaining areas a person dreams about. Contradictory, sports is an area where a police officer, an astronaut or a NASCAR driver observes but the sportsmen does not see what life they plays (Schermerhorn). Conclusion The project concludes that national football league creates an emptor behavior related to the project on rules and regulations. It also concentrates that playing a gaming zone would be persistent to avoid concussions. However, the gaming area differs from the fan followers in becoming a NASCAR driver and an astronaut. Reference List Benghozi, Pierre-Jean, Daniel Krob, and Frantz Rowe. Digital Enterprise Design And Management 2013. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, 2013. Print. Daft, Richard L. Management. Australia: South-Western, 2012. Print. Kim, Haenakon. Advances In Technology And Management. Berlin: Springer, 2012. Print. Robbins, Stephen P, and Mary K Coulter. Management. Boston: Prentice Hall, 2012. Print. Schermerhorn, John R. Management. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley Sons, 2013. Print. Tracy, Brian. Management. New York: AMACOM, 2014. Print.

The Five Doctrinal Tenets Of Islam Essays - Islam, Muslim, Sunnah

The Five Doctrinal Tenets Of Islam Final Graded Copy Grade: 95 The Five Doctrinal Tenets of Islam: Supporting Pillars for the Faithful The Five Doctrinal Tenets of Islam: Supporting Pillars for the Faithful I. Introduction to Islam A. Numbers in Islam B. The Prophet Muhammad and the Hadith II. The Five Pillars of Islam A. The Statement of Faith (Shahadah) B. The Establishment of Prayers (Salah) C. The Giving of Alms (Zakah) D. Fasting (Sawm) E. Pilgrimage to Mecca (Hajj) III. The Effect of the Five Pillars on the Islamic Life The Five Doctrinal Tenets of Islam: Supporting Pillars for the Faithful Islam is, debatably, the fastest growing religion in the world today. At a level of 1.2 billion, they represent approximately 22% of the world's population. Moslems make up the second largest religion in the world, surpassed only to Christianity at 33%. This is according to the 1999 World Almanac and Book of Facts (724). What is Islam? Who is a Moslem? What do they believe? How does one become a Moslem? In 1964, Philip K. Hitti addressed the rapid emergence of Islam throughout the world in his writing History of the Arabs. In his book, he stated that ?every eighth person in our world today is a follower of Muhammad.? He continues to say ?The Moslem call to prayer rings out through most of the twenty-four hours of the day, encircling the large portion of the globe in its warm belt? (Hitti 3). Today, some thirty-six years later, Islam has become the place of comfort, peace, and faith for over one billion people. To have this type of growth there must be an underlying foundation to the movement. As any builder can attest, in order for a structure to maintain its integrity the support for that structure must be stabilized and strengthened. Within the holy writings of Islam the support and structure of the faithful is proclaimed. The concept of ?no deity except God? is always alive within the heart of a Moslem. They recognize that he alone is the Creator, the Provider and Sustainer, and the true Reality; the source of all things ? of all benefits and harm. This belief requires that He be worshipped and obeyed. In the Holy Koran, God has made obedience to the teachings of the Prophet Muhammad incumbent upon the all believers. The teachings of Prophet Muhammad are available today in the form of Hadith. Although Islamic faith and beliefs are vast, the establishing doctrine, i.e., foundation, for Islam remains to be the five pillars of faith. The first is a statement of faith, the subsequent four are major exercises of faith of which some are daily, some weekly, some monthly, some annually, and some are required as a minimum once in a lifetime. The Five Pillars of Islam These Five Pillars are the frameworks of a Muslim's life. At one time, when the Prophet Muhammad was asked to give a definition of Islam, he named the Five Pillars. In the Hadith, the collection of sayings of Muhammed, ?these exercises of faith are stated to serve man's spiritual purposes, satisfy his human needs, and to mark his whole life with a Divine touch? (Hadith Shih Bukhari, Volume 1, Book 2, Number 7). The writings comprising the Hadith, while regarded as an excellent guide to living, are not regarded as having the same status as the Holy Koran (Qur'an). The major duties, nevertheless, in the life of a Moslem are to fulfill these Five Pillars. They are: 1. The Statement of Faith (Shahadah) 2. The Establishment of Prayers (Salah) 3. The Giving of Alms (Zakah) 4. Fasting (Sawm), and 5. Pilgrimage to Mecca (Hajj). As distinct as the Ten Commandments are to members of the Christian and Judaic faiths, each of the Five Pillars are direct commands from Allah for his children. The first of these Pillars is: The Statement of Faith (Shahadah). Shahadah is the bearing of witness to Allah. This is a declaration of faith. In his declaration, a Muslim proclaims ?ASH-HADU ANLA ELAHA ILLA-ALLAH WA ASH-HADU ANNA MOHAMMADAN RASUL-ALLAH.? The English translation is ?I bear witness that there is no deity (none truly to be worshipped) but, Allah, and I bear witness that Muhammad is the messenger of Allah.? The Shahadah is repeated at least on a daily basis. Having acknowledged this within his heart,