First let’s define externality Essay

For instance of the above definition: Contamination from an industrial facility can influence the wellbeing of close by occupants †negative a similar production line can give employments to close by inhabitants †positive Negative externality is two section: creation and utilization. I will utilize both these externalities in my following conversation on contamination. Organizations dirty on three unique stages: air, water and land. Air contamination is brought about by: †¢Factories †¢Power plants †¢Vehicles †¢Solvents †¢Domestic/mechanical synthetic substances †¢Military †¢Natural causes †fountain of liquid magma, out of control fires (ref: aboutairpollution.co.za) Water contamination is brought about by: †¢Urbanization oLand upset from development oChemical contamination from mines, ventures, and so on oInadequate sewage and treatment †¢Deforestation †¢Damming of waterways †¢Destruction of wetlands (ref: www.randwater.co.za) Land contamination is brought about by: †¢Domestic, atomic squanders and modern squanders, †¢deforestation †¢human sewage †¢mining and different production lines †¢increased motorization †¢ Sewage released into waterways as opposed to being dealt with appropriately †¢ Sanitary/dangerous landfill drainage †¢ Cemeteries †¢Scrap yards (squander oil and substance seepage) (ref: www.wikianswers.com) You will note from the over that contamination is an intriguing issue and one of the most normally used to characterize negative externality. The above reasons for contamination fill in as a troubling token of the noticeable and for the most part imperceptible impact on the customers. What's more, it positively isn't determined into the economy. The expenses and advantages of contamination can be determined by financial analysts however this won't lessen its effect, just factor into the expense of creation of merchandise. What will affect on the economy is the interest for contamination free living and the buying choice that will permit this. The accompanying scarcely any models originate from my own ‘green’ list: †¢Diesel rather than petroleum †¢Switching of superfluous power sources †¢Organic nourishments inside my spending plan †¢No smoking †¢Living in a ‘leafy’ suburb A great deal of South Africans (and world) residents are settling on cognizant purchasing choices to diminish the impacts of a worldwide temperature alteration and the consumption of the ozone layer. The expenses of living ‘green’ is higher than normal and the economy will consider the to be of this as customers request ‘cleaner’ day to day environments. In what capacity would governments be able to help decrease or dispose of negative externality? †¢Increase burdens on household contaminations, for example, cigarettes, solvents, and so on †¢Pollution charge for enterprises †¢Pollution confines on emanations †¢Focus on private and business zoning and the impact on the general condition †¢New business/private structures must incorporate ‘green’ innovation and utilities †¢Providing separate containers for legitimate item reusing †residential, business and modern †¢The abolishment of ‘shanty towns’ for appropriate lodging (source Ref: www.factsanddetails.com, www.statssa.gov.za, www.thinkquest.org, Economics: Global and South African Perspectives, Michael Parkin )

Top Drives Essays - Petroleum Engineering, Petroleum Geology

Top Drives Essays - Petroleum Engineering, Petroleum Geology Top Drives April 2, 2013 Spear Lee Top Drives The Top Drive Drilling System is perceived as one of the most noteworthy progressions in penetrating innovation since the presentation of the revolving table. When contrasting them with customary boring apparatuses, Top Drive Systems reliably drill quicker and more secure, with less possibility of drill pipes being trapped. Top Drives additionally permit administrators to arrive at zones and kinds of developments that would not be open with customary rotational boring. Level boring and expanded reach have achieved extreme increments underway rates, and these wells must be penetrated with Top Drives. Alongside improved well control and better opening molding, these advantages add to the certain money related legitimization for the Top Drive. In 1981, Duke Zinkgraf of Sedco (presently Transocean) searched out an approach to bore starting from the top from the drillstring and including total strand of channel, which would end the requirement for the kelly boring procedure. He scanned for an organization that was eager to grasp and build up his new idea. Duke found a band together with Varco (presently National Oilwell Varco). George Boyadjieff, Varco?s president, gathered a group of architects and devoted it exclusively to this venture. Their underlying models were first introduced in the Middle East, they at that point advanced toward the U.S. From the outset, the way to acknowledgment was uneven. Numerous organizations didn't need the problem of incorporating the top drive penetrating frameworks into the current boring procedures. When modifications were made to the top drives to make them simpler to fuse and progressively solid, organizations paid heed. When the business started to understand the handy boring capacities of the top drive strategies, new and radical well projects were being planned around them. An ever increasing number of advances in top drive hardware and activity are quickly changing the manner in which boring is finished. In excess of 60 percent of all penetrating apparatuses are presently consolidating top drives. The principle reasons are expanded security and effectiveness. A Top Drive is an engine that is suspended from the derrick, or pole, of the apparatus. This engine can be either electrical or water driven. These engines produce at any rate 1,000 pull. It is associated with a short segment of channel called the plume. From that point, the plume is either screwed into a saver sub or the drillstring itself. Since the Top Drive is suspended, it is allowed to go here and there the derrick. Top Drives normal around 15 feet long and around 4 feet in width, which make it advantageous to move because of its thin form. The normal weight is something like 10,000 lbs. A Top Drive has numerous focal points. It is fit for boring with three joints remains, rather than only each funnel in turn. Top Drives commonly decline the recurrence of stuck channel, which adds to cost reserve funds. They likewise take into account speedier siphon commitment and separation or the rotational while evacuating or restringing the funnel. Top Drives are likewise best for testing broadened reach and directional wells. A significant favorable position is wellbeing related. Top Drives diminish dangers and increment security during the boring procedure since they evacuate a significant part of the difficult work that was recently required to bore wells. They are frequently totally computerized, offering rotational control and most extreme torque, just as command over the weight on the bit. Top Drives have just a couple of detriments. The underlying expense of establishment and buy are high. This underlying expense would in the end be balanced by increment creation however. Likewise, the heaviness of the Top Drive is top overwhelming and the apparatus should be acclimated to neutralize it. While beginning expenses and establishment are high, the focal points enormously exceed the burdens. To use Top Drives, the Top Drive must be fittingly measured to fit into the apparatuses which accomplish this work. Their heap rating and torque limits must fit the qualities of the wells to be bored. Either the apparatus must have the extra force accessible for the Top Drive or a different force unit must be provided. At long last the legally binding terms important to acquire the top drive must match the business needs of the end client Top Drives can be utilized in all situations and on a wide range of apparatuses, from truck-mounted

Small-Business Strategy Course of Action for Small Business Founders to Increase Likelihood of Success

Small-Business Strategy Course of Action for Small Business Founders to Increase Likelihood of Success Think back, when did you decide to start your business? What motivated you?Is it that you wanted a flexible means of income? Did you want the independence that comes with self-employment? More time with your family? Were you tired of playing it safe with your regular paycheck?Maybe you wanted to chase the respect and prominence that comes with building your own business empire? Or maybe you wanted assurance that your future generations will be taken care of financially? Or were you just plain tired of living your dreams in your head alone?Either way, for whatever reason, starting your own business took courage. Most people prefer the comfort of a regular salary, avoiding the risk and uncertainty of a personal business altogether. Being a small business founder has demands that are not suited for everyone. As a small business, I am sure that you will agree that it demands discipline, drive, and an eye for business, providing a service or product that people actually need; a product or service that either adds value or increases comfort in their lives.Being a small business owner also demands that you develop your marketing skills because your customer-base won’t just find you at home. You will also have to familiarize yourself with the legal environment of your business and sharpen your accounting and financial management skills. Business owners need to understand how to budget, maintain records, and handle taxes…These are just a few of the demands your small business will require from you in order to give it even the most remote chance of success. However, checking the above boxes is just not enough to ensure that your small business succeeds, that is simply the first step.Think of it as a recipe. Once yo u have found a recipe for a meal you have been dying to prepare it’s simply not enough to have all the ingredients ready. You have to follow a systematic procedure and apply each ingredient in a very specific manner. Messing up how you apply any ingredient may prove disastrous for the entire meal. The same applies to your business.You need a plan for your small business; you need a strategic plan that gives your business a real shot at success. You have to have a plan for how you will manage your business, how you will handle your business’s financial affairs, and how you will create a working marketing strategy. You also need to be familiar with why some small-businesses have failed in the past. What did these businesses do wrong? What did they fail to consider? How can I avoid the same disastrous turn out for my business?Well… Have no fear… These are all elements we will be discussing in the next sections of the article. By the end of this read you will understand the main reasons why small businesses have failed in the past in order to avoid the same for your business. You will also have to be familiar with some of the most important strategic approaches applicable to your small business in order to give it a real shot at success.REASONS BEHIND MOST SMALL BUSINESSES’ FAILUREAccording to Forbes, 90% of Startups Fail and according to a recent Small Business Administration report, half of all new businesses survive the first five years but only a third of these survive 10 years.I am certain you did not take the bold step of starting your own business with even the slightest intention of seeing it fail, right?Of course not… I can’t think of any person who started a business with failure as their agenda. But nonetheless businesses, especially small businesses, fail every day. How can you avoid this for your business?The answer is not to bury your head in the sand, doing your personal best, and assuming that this business you are so passionate about will not fall into the same fate. No. The answer is to confront the issue and probability of failure upfront. Much like war, ask yourself what your fallen predecessors did wrong and how you can approach the situation differently.Your business will be less likely to fail if you can avoid actions committed in the past that led to failure of past small businesses. Therefore, let us educate ourselves; let us look at the top reasons why small-businesses fail and how you can avoid them.Improper MotivatorsAsk yourself, why am I founding this business? Am I passionate about it or do I simply want to avoid ever working for someone again? Or maybe I want to make a bunch of money? Or is it that you want more time with your family?These are all the wrong reasons to start your business. Don’t get me wrong, there is nothing wrong with wanting to make a lot of money or being independent, but making one or two of these factors your sole motivation could lead your business to failure because they are not enduring or sustainable motivators and quite frankly, some of them are quite unrealistic. Of course you will have to work Of course you will be answerable to your business…A lasting motivator is starting a business about something you’re passionate about, something you genuinely love and that you strongly believe in. The question you should honestly ask yourself here is; have I chosen a line of business that I can keep persisting in even when others throw in the towel? Do I have the right attitude, the determination and the patience to nurture this business for as long as it takes? If the answer to these questions is NO, you may have founded your business for all the wrong reasons and you may end up failing.Also, have you considered whether you are a person who thrives under leadership or in independence? One can argue that some people were put on this earth to lead and others to follow but this is business and you have to approach the subject from an honest point of vi ew to avoid future disappointments. Some people naturally thrive under leadership while others thrive in positions of leadership themselves, and that’s okay, we all have our talents. What you need to consider here is; do you thrive in leadership or under leadership? If you thrive in leadership, do you have the skills to take charge and manage a business? Do you have the capacity to create intelligent and creative solutions when your business is under numerous constraints?If you thrive under leadership and you are still determined to establish that business, it does not mean that you are automatically doomed for failure. All you have to do is build on your leadership skills and capacities before going too far into your business. Ensure that you are equipped to run your business and you have mastered the mental stamina necessary for a position of leadership and its imminent challenges.The most important quality here is honesty. Honestly reflect on whether you are starting your busin ess for the right reasons. If you come to the conclusion that your idea was based on corrupt motivators, then it is time to take a step back and reanalyze the situation to avoid possible failure. Remember, the goal is to give your business the best shot at success. A Poor Business PlanAnother major reason why small businesses fail is because of poor business planning.I had a teacher in high school who would always tell us, “Failing to Plan is Planning to Fail.”This is true… You can’t just ‘wing it’ in business and expect to succeed.For example, let us assume that you plan to establish a wholesale wine distribution outlet and you go ahead to establish it without considering that the population of that area is mostly comprised of Muslims who do not consume alcoholic beverages. There are also no local retail outlets that can purchase from you because the market is scarce. No matter how hard you try, your new business may never build a strong enough customer base to sustain your business let alone give you the desired returns.Careful planning is the determining factor for the success of any business and small businesses fail due lack of a proper planning. Sure you have a seemingly good idea and you have brought together all the necessary ingredients but you still need a good plan that will give your business stability and direction.Due to the excitement of launching their business and realizing profits, small business founders neglect preparation, which includes the development of a well-detailed and conclusive business plan. You need to avoid making the same mistake and create a business plan that will steer your business towards success. Without a good business plan you will not be able to plan for the future and you will not realize the potential challenges facing your business and I assure you, you will be blindsided.To avoid failure of your small business due to poor planning, ensure that your business plan is conclusive, realistic, and based on c redible information, and accurate projections for the future. Your business plan must describe in detail your business’s vision, objectives, targets, work force needs, potential solutions to problems, competitive analysis, marketing/promotional/advertising strategies, sales and expense forecasts…To avoid failure of your small business, ensure that you have a realistic and comprehensive business plan. Some businesses even use software that makes it easier to track the progress of the business in line with the plan. Your business’s plan does not have to be ten pages long so long as you have a good, working plan.Incompetent/Unreliable Employees and ManagementPoor management is detrimental and not just in business, but even in life. We have watched so many greats, for example George Best of the Manchester United football club, fall because of decisions they made. This can be used as an example of poor management of one’s personal life.Businesses are no different, poor or weak ma nagement of the employee-base is a leading cause of failure for many small businesses. Think of your small business as a new born who needs all your attention to ensure that they are in good health at all times and that they receive regular nourishment.For most small businesses, labor is one of the most important assets, these are the people who will lay the foundation of the business and actually determine the strength of that foundation. If a small business has an unproductive employee base, it loses valuable resources and opportunities for growth and success. Most small businesses tend to be so enchanted by the service or product they are offering the customers that they forget to analyze themselves internally, eventually causing them to fail.Lack of good management is also a contributing factor to small business failures. Who is the management in a small business? You are… the founder.Effective management on your part is necessary if your business stands to succeed. I know you are a dreamer and that is why you ventured out to start your own business but put that aside and be objective. Your business may not be as perfect as you may like to see it. Your objectivity is needed in analyzing your employees, objectivity is needed to recognize that you need expert personnel in a certain aspect of your business or that you need to let go of a redundant section of your employee-base. Make it a priority to pool skills to strengthen your workforce and to simultaneously weed out weak aspects of the force.On the other hand, another reason why your business might fail is because you believe you can handle everything alone. You refuse to delegate roles. I am sure that you have heard the phrase, “If you want something done right, do it yourself.” While this might be true in most cases, it is impossible to keep up with in business. This attitude in handling your business will lead to a burnout that will make it impossible to properly manage your business at all. This excessively ‘hands-on’ management approach has also led the downfall of numerous small businesses and you want to ensure that yours does not fall victim to the same.So what is the solution?The solution is to surround yourself with reliable employees that you feel comfortable delegating duties to, ensuring that no one person is overwhelmed while at the same time ensuring that all the delegated duties are being executed properly. Insufficient CapitalImagine you are going on a long journey and you can only fuel your car now because there is no other stop until you have arrived at your destination. Wouldn’t it be wise to fill your tank with a sufficient amount of fuel? Won’t an insufficient amount of fuel definitely leave you stranded?Similarly, starting a business within sufficient capital will most certainly spell doom for small businesses. For a small business, if you do not have sufficient capital for the first six months or until the business breaks even, your chances of s uccess are slim.Remember, this is not that regular paying job that you might be used to. When you are the one running the business it is also important to account for delays from your clients who might sometimes take months to pay for services or products. This delay must also be accounted for in calculating the amount of capital you need for your business. You should also be prepared and account for unexpected cost increases, for example, in utilities, labor, and materials…It is also advisable to employ the services a financial advisor to discuss your financial plans in detail. This is because it is not simply enough to have sufficient financing. An informed approach in managing your finances will also be a determinant on the success or failure of your business.Hasty GrowthOf course you do not want your small business to stay small forever. You want it to grow, and this is the desire of every person who has ever started their own business. However, overexpansion is a serious mist ake.This is possibly the heartbreaking reason for small business failure, to be ensnared by the founder’s own ambitions. Overexpansion is opium to a small business and you can easily overdose chasing a high you cannot handle… yet.By overexpansion I mean taking on added overhead costs in an attempt to be number one in marketing your services or products, or trying to prove growth to investors can lead to some serious financial strains on your business. It is a much better approach to set realistic goals and expand at a healthy pace, as the need arises.This overly rapid expansion occurs when the founder mistakenly confuses his business’s success to the rate of growth. This is the line of thinking that leads businesses into bankruptcy when they have barely taken off. Understand that growing a business does not happen overnight, it takes time and it takes patience.Prior to expansion, carefully analyze what your business needs in terms of a customer-base, employee-base, systems, an d facilities. Once these factors have been solidified, your business will realize steady profitability and at that point you can begin to consider gradual expansion. When you want it all in an instance you tend to focus on the expansion itself and forget to consider whether your business can handle the strain, which eventually drains your profits.When it comes to growth and expansion, take it in small doses; be gentle to your business. Less is more.Being Out of Touch with ConsumersOne of the reasons small businesses do not succeed is failing to understand just how heavily consumers determine their success. Think about it… your consumers are the whole reason your business exists in the first place.Your consumers hold the keys to your success in their behavior, values, and their satisfaction and dissatisfaction. In order to stay in touch with your consumers and understand their wants and needs, reach out to them regularly, preferably in person, which is far more effective than a qui ck email or text.According to the The Cluetrain Manifesto, Markets are conversations. Real, detailed, comprehensive dialogue with your consumers is the key to understanding them. Human beings are social creatures so find out what you can do to make your services better. Find out what elements you could introduce in your business to serve them better. Build a personal relationship with your consumers and they will feel valued and therefore develop an attachment to your business.Let’s see why most businesses fail to establish a connection with their consumers…Poor Marketing Strategies: Some small businesses are born out of quite feasible ideas but may fail to reach or appeal to the target market due to a poor marketing strategy. Good, effective advertising is vital for any business’s success.Lack of Web Presence: The number of internet users and e-commerce sales has rapidly continued to rise over the years and businesses (even small businesses) that ignore this fact get left beh ind by businesses that have embraced the change. A company that expects to stay competitive in today’s business environment must therefore leverage social media as an advertising avenue and have an attractive website where potential consumers can learn more and interact with the business.Just to put it in perspective how important web presence is to your business, in 2016, internet users in the United States are 85 percent of the population and in 2015, according to the US Department of Commerce, e-commerce sales totaled $341.7 billion. Therefore, if you do not have a web presence, you are losing valuable consumers and you are not fully reaching your potential consumer-base, which might prove detrimental to your business’s survival.Staying in close contact with your consumers through all forms and mediums is imperative for your business’s success. This is how you understand their needs, preferences, pains, satisfaction levels, and it also serves as a benchmark that informs you on how to improve your products/services and stay competitive.Other factors that may also lead to a small business’s failure are; Unprofitable Business Models, Underestimating Competition, Lack of Product Diversity…I’m sure that the reasons for small business failure discussed above are a little worrying to you but I assure you… You are in control. You the founder are the secret to your business’s success. In fact, many successful businesses started out as failures. But armed with passion, determination, resilience, and a resolution that failure is not an option, you are bound for success.Have you heard what Thomas Edison said after numerous failed attempts to create the first light bulb? “I have not failed, I have just found 1000 ways that do not work.”Learn to take failure as a lesson rather than the end of the road. But in order to increase your chances of success in your small business, let as explore the different strategic approaches you can take. SMALL BUSINESS STRATEGY APPROACHES TO ENSURE SMALL-BUSINESS SUCCESSThere are numerous questions that go through your mind before starting your own business. What field of business do I want to engage in? Who is my market? Who is my competition? Am I making the smart move? Should I quit my day job? Will I succeed? Whatever your situation, whatever your questions, the following strategic approaches will greatly increase your chances for success.Let Passion Drive YouAre you passionate about the business you have chosen to start? Is it enough to keep you going when times are tough and finances are scarce?The answer to these questions should be yes. If the answer is no, it is time to read just the  sort of business or the line of business that you have chosen to venture in. Don’t ever lose sight of your innate passion; this is the number one ingredient for the success of any business. A visionary who is willing to go to whatever lengths to ensure that his vision becomes a reality no matter how toug h or how long that may take.While considering your passion, also consider your strengths and interests.For example, if you thrive in highly interactive environments don’t choose a business that will confine you to an office all day. On the other hand, if you prefer minimal interaction and become nervous around strangers, don’t start an advertising company. Your own business will demand a lot more time than you give when you’re working for someone else and essentially, you should choose a line of business that you wake up excited about, full of energy, and passion. Your business should be something that appeals to you and that you are also skilled at or at least honing your skills at.Do not be afraid of going against the norm and do not confine yourself to your profession. Your passion and skills could in cooking, why not start a restaurant? You could be passionate about pets/animals, why not start breeding high-breed dogs/horses that you could sell to security companies, indiv iduals…?Almost any small business idea can succeed if you are driven enough to pursue it to whatever lengths it may demand.Case Study: Benchmark Assisted LivingJack McCarthy is the Senior Vice President of Sales and Marketing at Benchmark Assisted Living based in Wellesley, Massachusetts. He confirms that customers do not buy buildings, or prices; consumers buy the people in the business. “It’s not about anything but the people.”He concludes that, therefore, if the product is people, the level of personal commitment of the people in the business is what will drive success. McCarthy is of the opinion that the only way this works is when there are people working within the business who are genuinely committed to their work.The passion of a business leader drives progressive business decisions. That leader’s optimism will keep him ready to take a leap whenever an opportunity arises. Alternatively, when a particular project fails, a passionate leader will deliver a positive sp in to the situation, concluding that, ‘the market wasn’t ready’ or that ‘it was a learning experience’ rather than ruling one hurdle as complete failure of the business.Have a Comprehensive but Realistic Business PlanAs mentioned before, a good idea can only get you so far. Before you take any action in establishing your business you need a good workable plan and this means a business plan. A good business plan is a guide that enables you to plan for your business; it brings to your attention tough questions and helps you identify aspects of your business that need some more work.Assume you are on the same journey we talked about earlier. You know where your destination is but you have never been there before so you will need a map for navigation. That is what a good business plan is to a business, a map, constantly ensuring that you do not derail, that you do not detour, and showing you where the shortcuts are if any.Preparing a good business plan will help you as the fou nder of a small business to think through important issues and understand potential problems and how to deal with them. However, ensure that your business plan is a realistic one. We have already seen that blind ambition can lead to your businesses failure.The aspirations reflected in your business plan must be realistic and correspond with your current capabilities. If you bite off more than you can chew your business stands to lose valuable money and time. Therefore, ensure that your business plan is structured to work within your limits. Remember, your business plan should keep evolving as your business gradually experiences growth, it just has to stay realistic.Take it a step at a time, you will get to your destination, it’s only a matter of time.Also an important and often overlooked part of a business plan is consideration of the competition. Understanding your competition is huge determinant for your business’s success. In order to compete in the field of business you hav e chosen, you must understand who the competition is and how they are going about their business. For example, What prices are they charging? What is the quality of their services? How can I deliver better services/products? What edge does my business have over the competition?Running a small business is not easy and you need to stay hands-on until your business stabilizes. Sometimes you might lose sight of the end goal and your vision may become blurry during the tough times. To maintain a clear vision of your plan and get yourself through the tough times, you could consider using a Vision Board. Vision Boards keep you motivated and remind you of what your end goal was when you first began. What was the big picture? What were your targets? Why did you found this business? What do you stand to gain if you succeed? All this will be reflected in a vision board and will keep you motivated even through the toughest of days. Market EffectivelyThink of marketing as a campaign for a candid ate running for office. The better your campaign strategy, the more outreach you have on the masses, the more impact you make amongst the voters, and the greater your chances are to be elected. Marketing works in the same way, this is your campaign, tell the people about your business, tell the people your story.Ensuring that you have an effective marketing strategy takes you a step closer to success. Marketing is what creates awareness for your business. Marketing is what sparks an interest in the consumers’ minds and hearts. Good marketing lures in new consumers and ensures a continued customer engagement. Your marketing strategy will guide your business’s culture, its services/product mix and its pricing.As a small business founder, you need to develop an effective marketing strategy in the formidable stages of your business in order to carve your niche in the marketplace. To come up with an effective marketing strategy, you have to determine what makes your business unique f rom competing businesses in the market. For example, your business’s unique feature could be that you offer free delivery of products to customers, it could be your impeccable customer service, or specialized knowledge of the industry…In the process of creating your marketing strategy it is also important to gather the opinions of your loyal consumers, employees, and friends. This will also not give you additional perspective on how to sell your business but also shed some light on negative practices in your business that you may have overlooked.There are numerous factors to consider when creating an effective marketing strategy but four of these stand out. Who is your target audience? What unique benefit can you offer? Who is the competition? What differentiates you and your competition?Once these factors have been carefully considered, employ the most effective channels to reach your target audience. For example, if your target audience is comprised of an elderly generation, t elevision, radio, and word of mouth would be the primary means of advertisement. If your target is of a younger generation, social media and other internet-based channels are the most effective means of advertisement. If you have a mixed target audience, employ all suitable channels in equal measure to ensure your message reaches every group of your targeted consumer base.To reach the level of the big players in your field of business, you need to put in extra effort in wooing your consumers. Remember Creating an effective marketing strategy is not what established businesses do to retain their dominance; it is what budding businesses do to become established.Case Study: Triumvirate Environmental Inc.Triumvirate Environmental is a small company located in Somerville, Massachusetts in the United States. The Company provides waste management, education, life sciences, and other services. Triumvirate has harnessed the power of effective marketing, taking advantage of online and social media marketing since Mark Campanale became the media trainer at the company.Mark informed the Company of the evolution and advantages of online marketing programs and Triumvirate gave it a try. Triumvirate was able to access a previously untapped market and subsequently attributed $1.2 million in revenue to blogs, (SEO) search engine optimization, Pay Per Click advertising, Facebook, LinkedIn…Understand the NumbersWe are all aware that you need money to start a business, your Capital. But it is one thing to throw in seed money into your business and another thing altogether to have sufficient capital to sustain your business until it breaks even. Estimating realistic costs for at least six months and raising sufficient funds could very well save your business from the failure of many small businesses that didn’t take such caution.Back to our journey… It is not entirely impossible that you would take a detour on your way to the destination, so you cannot just fill your tank wi th the exact amount of fuel needed to make a journey to a place you have never been to before. You will add a few extra liters that will cater for any detours from your route or for any traffic snarl-ups that will deplete some of the fuel. Similarly, when calculating your estimated costs, be sure to include reserve funds that should cater for any unforeseen operational costs. For example, if consumers delay in payment of services/products or if rental costs suddenly rise.Additionally, once you are operational, there are six financial fundamentals that will determine the success of your business so it is important that you become familiar with them. These are also the elements that investors, bankers, creditors… will measure your financial performance by. These are assets, profit, liabilities, income, expenses and equity. On that note, as a business founder, it is important that you learn how to maintain books of accounts and get familiar with the three primary financial statements ; balance sheets, cash flow statements, and income statements.As a small business founder, understanding your numbers ensures that you can rule out financial issues, which allows you really focus on establishing your business in the marketplace and growing your customer-base.Case Study: ACCAACCA (the Association of Chartered Certified Accountants) is a global body of professional accountants. From their vast experience they attest that good financial management is the core of running a successful business.Financial management affects all aspects of the business, from management, cash flow, business performance tracking, and development of plans, which ensure that business founders capitalize on opportunities. ACCA concludes that financial management is most effective when used for the purposes of improving your business.Insist on Proper StaffingYour business’s interests come first so do not be afraid to recruit and fire guided by the business’s needs.If you have an employee who does not share in the business’s mission, values, and purpose you have to let them go, regardless of how talented they may be. Every entrepreneur needs a driven team that is already sold to the business’s vision in order to succeed.They say business is business and not to mix business with pleasure. But as Mark Cuban, owner of the New York Nets, “Business is always business. Business is always personal. All good businesses are personal and the best businesses are very personal.”  So do not shy away from introducing your own personal touch from your business. Surround yourself with people you feel comfortable working with and people who are the best fit for your business’s mission.Your business is constantly evolving and it will surpass certain personnel. You do not have to put up with inadequate personnel due to a misplaced sense of loyalty. If your business demands change do not lower those standards in order to accommodate a few individuals. Decide on the skills and capa bilities of each position within your business and demand that the people holding those positions have them.As a founder, your ability to be objective when it comes to the personnel your business needs is crucial to your success. Even with the most fitting personnel, work to maintain a standard that will keep them on their toes. Remember to lead by example and keep them motivated to push the business even higher on the success ladder.Case Law: The Chia Co.Chia is an Australian-based Company that is the world’s largest producer of raw chia seeds. Chia seeds are said to be high in fiber and Omega-3. The Company realized from the onset that it would not achieve success without highly skilled and motivated staff.The company implemented a consultative management style that allowed their staff to contribute to the business’s strategy. The staff is expected to forward creative ideas and share knowledge freely. The combination of a skilled workforce and an engaging environment has motiv ated the employees to perform better. The Company has insisted on only hiring employees who believe in the company’s vision to make a difference to people’s lives. This ensures that every idea and every decision is founded on that vision.The Chia Company’s success is rooted in their recruitment style, which ensures that each employee is competent for their job and that they are a perfect fit for the company. The Company has then gone a step further to create and an environment for the employees to utilize their skills to the fullest and help grow the company into the international markets.Don’t Give UpThis is perhaps the most important approach for any small business founder. Never give up.Founding your own business is not easy and being an entrepreneur means that sometimes you might fail. The most important thing is to keep learning, from mistakes, from examples of other people who have done it before you. Learn why some founders failed and why others succeeded and apply th ese lessons to your own venture.By taking the step to found your own business you have already displayed bravery, you have already decided to take a risk that most people will not, let that motivate you through the toughest of times and as long as you keep learning you’re not very long from success.CONCLUSIONRunning a small business can be quite demanding. You are trying to ensure that your business stays afloat by boosting traffic and growing profits while simultaneously working on other projects. Nonetheless, we have seen small businesses beat the odds and survive in highly competitive markets. But if you are anything like me, you don’t just want to survive, you want to thrive. If you avoid the mistakes made by other small businesses and apply the strategies discussed above as you learn from each mistake then you are moving in the right direction.The business world is created by entrepreneurs and founders like you who are shaping their own destinies and small businesses are pa rticularly beautiful because they are mostly driven by passion and a small team of likeminded individuals who share a common dream. These small players contribute heavily to the local community as well as the national and international economies. Therefore, take pride in your small business and do not let your enthusiasm die, not only now when you are just a small team but even later when you have hundreds of employees and thousands of customers.Business success is not an accident, it’s a series of smart moves and a carefully thought outplan. A good business plan involves the development and implementation of effective strategies, which ought to be embedded in the business plan you create even before you start your small business. Effective business strategies will involve crucial areas such as, marketing, capital, labor, competition… which have all been discussed above. Try these strategies immediately for a successful small business.

Pearl Harbor - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 753 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2017/09/15 Category Advertising Essay Did you like this example? Amanda Pesce November 11, 2008 History Paper 2 Pearl Harbor The attack on Pearl Harbor was a surprise strike by the Japanese navy against the United States. As a result of this, the United States became involved in World War II. Pearl Harbor was attacked on December 7, 1941, Sunday morning. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Pearl Harbor" essay for you Create order Before the attack, Americans ignored the war and continued sending the British ships and tanks while their enemies were making bombs. Americans had cut off the Japanese oil supply. They only had enough for eighteen months. This resulted in a massive sudden strike; the Japanese annihilated the Pacific fleet in a single attack at Pearl Harbor. Over 2,400 Americans were killed and over 1,000 were wounded. The Japanese plan was to send out radio messages for Americans to intercept. They wanted to make sure to mention Hawaii in all the clutter, to confuse them. So, by the time the Americans decoded the message it would be too late. The United States focused more on the Japanese missing ships, and where they went to. Some Americans in the government thought it had to do with an attack on Pearl Harbor but others did not believe such thing would happened, and they were protected. All their ships were grouped together so they wouldn’t be spread out into the water, just as a precaution. The Japanese sent out one of their own over to Hawaii to take pictures, so they could finish out their plan, and would help then where to best hit them first, and where everything was located. This was a long process over many months. The Japanese were ready for attack, they sent out ships and submarines first because they would take the longest to get to Pearl Harbor, then they sent out the aircrafts which only took about four days to get there. There were hundreds of aircrafts covering the sky, so they could attack from all directions. They arrived Sunday morning of December 7, 1941, while many were still sleeping. They first attacked the ships in the harbor with torpedoes from their ships and submarines. It was an easy target since all the American ships were grouped together. The torpedoes were made with a western fin so they were able to travel through the shallow harbor. Aircrafts dropped torpedoes and heavy bombs. Their next attack was on land, destroying the American Aircrafts. It was the biggest explosion that was never ending, the skies filled with fire and black smoke from the aftermath, aircrafts swarming the skies destroying everything. The Japanese sank and damaged many if not all battleships, destroyers and cruisers. Their main target was the U. S. S Arizona in which they succeeded. Aircrafts were destroyed; Americans tried to salvage what they could and fight back. They had few aircrafts left that may have saved Pearl Harbor from being indefinitely ruined. The Americans destroyed some Japanese aircrafts which resulted in the rest of them flying back to Japan. Sixty-five years ago today, the United States endured an attack on Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, that for the next sixty days—until September 11, 2001—stood as the most devastating enemy attack on U. S. soil. †( Miles, Pearl Harbor) Japan hoped to eliminate Pearl Harbor as a threat to the Japanese Empire’s expansion south by destroying the U. S. Pacific Fleet. September 11 wa s more symbolic if anything. Al Qaeda had previously attack the World Trade Center in 1993, which stood as a symbol of the U. S free market economy. The Pentagon represented the U. S military’s command center. Both attacks pushed the United States into war. Both were unexpected, massive strikes, killing and wounding many. The death toll of 9/11 topped Pearl Harbor with almost three thousand people dead. 9/11 will be in the memories of many including myself. Everyone remembers that day, and where they were when they first heard the first plane crash in the tower, or hearing it on the news. It was a disaster to the twin towers. At Pearl Harbor they have a U. S. S Arizona Memorial a long with many others. The memorial is built above the sunken ships, and some you can still see the tops of the ships out of water, since the water is so shallow. They have a memorial wall of everyone who died in the attack. In New York City where the twin towers stood, is a ground zero memorial. Both tragedies will never be forgotten and in the memories of all who faced it. Works Cited Miles, Donna. â€Å"Pearl Harbor Parallel 9-11† Military. 7 December 2006 Monster’ A Monster Company 25, November 2008

1.. Stakeholder And Information Needs. Accounts Used To

1. Stakeholder and information needs: Accounts used to satisfy information requirements. Owners: Likely to be concerned with all aspects of the business including profitability and financial sustainability. Financial Accounts: Profit, cash position, assets, balance sheets and income statements. Employees: occupational health and safety compliance obligations, Fair work and minimum pay conditions, Superannuation obligations and job security. Social Accounts: Safe work practices, supplier screening processes. Environmentalists: Pollution, carbon footprint and other environmental issues. Environmental Accounts: Carbon footprint, recycling policy, use of water. Government: Provide financial information in order to assess their tax†¦show more content†¦A social impact in the extraction of raw materials is the effect that it would cause on the local community. This would be good as the company should ensure that their supplier provide jobs for the local community and it would then make the local community thrive as result making it a positive effect and should be written in social reports to maximise the benefit and they should promote their assistance of the local community. A social impact in the manufacturing stage of the supply chain is child labour. The computers being made in developing countries often people are so desperate resulting in children being exploited. They make these children work long hours for less than minimum wage. This is highly unethical and the company should regulate their suppliers rigorously ensuring that they hire employees of working age and provide them with fair pay. By doing this the business would be socially responsible resulting in the increase in popularity of their company resulting in higher dividends for shareholder and increase profit margins. An environmental issue that can arise in manufacturing is the amount of carbon emission from the factory. The company can minimise this by introducing greener energy supplies which would result in the decrease of their carbon footprint thus resulting in the company being more environmentally friendly. 3.Show MoreRelatedThe Organizational And Environmental Audit Of Barclays877 Words   |  4 Pageswith information on the organisational and environmental audit of Barclays, as well as the importance of its stakeholders through a stakeholder analysis and provision of potential new strategies to the organisation. AC 2.1 SWOT analysis The purpose of a SWOT analysis for an organization is that it provides the managers with information on the strengths and weaknesses the organisation currently has, the threats and opportunities for future development and growth. Based on this information managersRead MoreBusiness Structure Characteristics. Whitbread Structure Analysis1462 Words   |  6 PagesWhitbread’s main business information users (or, stakeholders), based on the information provided on their website. In contrast, PART B analyses different types of business structures and determines the pros and cons of Whitbread being a PLC. Tables and bulleting are used throughout the text to convey a vast volume of information in the given scope. -PART A- 1. MAIN BUSINESS INFORMATION USERS AND THEIR NEEDS – KEY WHITBREAD’S STAKEHOLDERS Business information can be used for a variety of reasonsRead MoreProject Implementation Plan/Cpmgt305 Essay1363 Words   |  6 Pageseither the team or the stakeholders. The Risk analysis will outline all risks involved with taking on this project and what their potential outcomes might be. Communication Plan In a project the communication level is a very important part from beginning to end. 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Thereafter, the uses of both financial accounting information and management accounting information will be discussed and analysed to evaluate theRead MoreLocker Room Talk969 Words   |  4 PagesPage 1 Locker Room Talk Ethical Case April 18, 2010 Page 2 The Locker Room Talk Ethical Case outlines a situation that is an ethical dilemma for CPA Albert Gable who has performed personal financial planning for Larry and Susan Wilson. The Wilson’s, in their discussions with Mr. Gable regarding their personal finances, mentioned that in the past they have had marriage problems but have worked through the problems and are not seeking a divorce. Gable and the Wilson’s became personal

Long-term Negative Effect of Breatharianism Free Essays

A reason behind I became a breatharian is to maintain a slim figure, living healthy, and happy. Unfortunately, any of those my wish doesn’t come true. That’s why I decided to inform the vice squad for further investigation into the organization. We will write a custom essay sample on Long-term Negative Effect of Breatharianism or any similar topic only for you Order Now The breatharian diet neither includes food nor water. However, after seeing several YouTube video and commercial on flyer, I was convinced by the specious way to live life. Once I enrolled, I came to know many things, for example, some of the main people of the organization not even follow their own instruction which is not to eat or drink. I would like to share my personal experience and that is I am completely unsatisfied with diet plan and even their promises. They said to me that, â€Å"if you live only on light and air, you became healthier and happier more than you are right now. † Nevertheless, just following there instruction I became ill. I had to visit an emergency room of hospital twice a month. Now, I am suffering from high blood pressure. That’s just my experience. One of my friends also enrolled in this program and she is suffering from renal disease. I want to submit this report against the organization, because I feel their only purpose is to make money out of people like us. They are making this money by enrolment and seminar fees. In addition to that, after one month experience of being part of their program, I feel that they not follow their own instruction. I saw one of them eating outside the Taco Bell. The diet plans they provide are dangerous and lead many lives in danger. After all it’s our moral duty to save local citizen. It’s my humble request to take a step towards the organization. How to cite Long-term Negative Effect of Breatharianism, Papers

Orthodoxies on Growth and Transformation †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Orthodoxies on Growth and Transformation. Answer: Introduction: The main talking point of the article centers round the risk taking while the business organizations would try to expand into the African continent. It is to be believed that the private sector in USA and the USA government should work hand-in-hand to overcome the odds and establish successful firms in Africa. The cultures between Africa and America are totally different and it is extremely important to bridge that gap (Kelsall). However, some of the Indian and Chinese companies who focus on textiles industry have decided to expand their business into Africa. Some Asian companies have already shifted their business in Africa who has been very much benefitted from this step. The textiles industry has developed quite a bit in the present time. The African countries have not been that much developed that it can ship its products to the United States. There are around 6000 textiles products that are produced in the African countries (Williams 203). The difference between the African countries and America has to be bridged in order to improve the situation. It is a matter of great concern that United States has a tradition of disregarding culture in terms of the Great Assimilation. Most of the African countries have not been benefitted from the AGOA. If the African countries desire to make an entry into the global economy, they must understand the real actors in the Western world who control the global economy. The setting up of AGOA can be considered a success only if the African countries are supported by the US government and work actively by preparing new commercial laws to support them (Williams 203). References Kelsall, Doctor Tim.Business, politics, and the state in Africa: Challenging the orthodoxies on growth and transformation. Zed Books Ltd., 2013. Williams, Brock R. "African growth and opportunity act (AGOA): Background and reauthorization."Current Politics and Economics of Africa7.3 (2014): 203.

The short stories of Katherine Mansfield Essay Example

The short stories of Katherine Mansfield Paper The short stories of Katherine Mansfield can largely be divided into two distinct categories. The first of which deals mostly in satirising and somewhat flippantly portraying the affluent middle class society of early twentieth-century England. Such short stories are often seen by critics as failing to contend with any serious or significant social issues, and are rather a mocking imitation of bourgeois life. The latter group of Mansfields short stories can be said to depict a somewhat deeper and more understanding sense of life, in which Mansfield explores a plethora of emotional and psychological concerns through her characters. It is in these stories where the joys and terrors of sexuality and mortality can be found through Mansfields exploration of an ordinary mind on an ordinary day. Perhaps the story that most clearly delves into the issue of sexuality is Mansfields most provocative and controversial short story Bliss. Upon its publication, Bliss was subject to much criticism; Virginia Woolf claimed that it was uninteresting, while T.S. Eliot asserted that it was without moral and social ramification. Though it is clear to see why such a radical story might not have been appreciated in its time, Bliss is far more than the predictable love-triangle tale is appears to be from the surface. The underlying theme of the story is a tentative insight into the nature of female sexuality. We will write a custom essay sample on The short stories of Katherine Mansfield specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The short stories of Katherine Mansfield specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The short stories of Katherine Mansfield specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The scene in which Bertha and Pearl stand next to one another admiring the tree in the garden is clearly symbolic in terms of sexuality and undoubtedly tests the boundaries of female homoeroticism. And the two women stood side by side looking at the slender, flowering tree. Although it was so still it seemed, like the flame of a candle, to stretch up, to point, to quiver in the bright air, to grow taller and taller as they gazed almost to touch the rim of the round, silver moon. The pear tree in the story comes to symbolise Berthas character, she sees aspects of herself in it. The fact that she dresses in white, green and jade for the dinner party (the same colours as the tree) is no coincidence, and is a suggestion of her subconscious comparison between herself and the tree. In a similar way, Pearl is likened throughout to the Moon through Mansfields imagery. Pearl is dressed all in silver, the same colour the Moon is described as, her fingers like moonbeams, are so slender that a pale light seemed to come from them. Her cool arm, heavy eyelids and mysterious half smile all seem to imply a similarity between Pearl and the Moon. Furthermore, Pearls name itself can be seen as an example of imagery, as a pearl can be likened to the Moon in terms of its shape and colour. With this in mind, the scene symbolises the sexual tension between Bertha and Pearl, and Bertha subconscious homoerotic desire for Pearl. The two characters gaze outwards through the window in consideration of their two respective symbols. The juxtaposition of the tree and the Moon, and the fact that the tree is stretching upwards in an attempt to reach (and presumably penetrate) the round Moon, can be seen as Berthas desire for Pearl. The fluctuating experience continues immediately after this scene, as Bertha suddenly moves away from Bertha, and begins to fix her sights upon her husband once again. As those last words something strange and almost terrifying darted into Berthas mind. And this something blind and smiling whispered to her: Soon these people will go. The house will be quiet quiet. The lights will be out and you will be alone together in the dark room the warm bed We are told at this point that for the first time in her life Bertha Young desired her husband, yet it seems odd that this sudden shift back towards her husband should come straight after her moment with Pearl Fulton. Her emotions and strong feeling of lust for her husband are triggered by her subconscious desire for Pearl. Through this radical example, Mansfield explores the free flowing sexuality of women in early 20th century England, and delves into the concept of lesbianism something almost unheard of at the time of writing. In terms of Mansfields juxtaposition of the ordinary with the sexual, throughout Bliss, Berthas descriptions of the most mundane and routine things have sexual undertones. She takes note of Pearl rolling a tangerine between her fingers, and describes how Harry loves the white flesh of a lobster. Food and the concept of eating seem to evoke a deep sense of lust in Bertha and as such contribute to the fluctuating experience of an ordinary mind. The twist at the end of the story is somewhat ironic. Whilst Bertha has imagined throughout, the possibility of engaging in sexual relations with both Harry and Pearl, she later finds out that the pair are already lovers. By reaching this conclusion, Mansfield does not grant Bertha her bliss (repressed sexual desire), she has become a third wheel and an outsider in the relationship. Mansfields outlook on death and mortality can also be clearly seen within her work. One story that clearly deals with the question of mortality is At the Bay, and like Bliss this tale has been praised for its seemingly simplistic storyline combined with a deep and significant underlying meaning. Through symbols and motifs, Mansfield raises questions about the nature of our existence. The key recurring motif, which runs throughout, is that of the sun. The imagery Mansfield chooses to use through the story creates a deep sense of interconnection the feeling that everything around us is relevant and purposeful. The story, though seeming to be concerned mainly with family relationships and the tension that inevitably comes with them, also takes into account the anxiety of death, which was a huge concern at the time. The sun in the story is seen as a powerful and fiery force, marking time and creating routine. Its inescapable and monotonous schedule not only creates unity amongst all humans, but also limits all actions. The link created between time and the sun is significant in highlighting Mansfields concern with the shortness as well as the limitations of life. Even the characters within the story seem to recognize the influence and potentially damaging nature of the sun. Stanleys daily routine mirrors the sun he wakes as the sun rises, and returns home when it sets. Meanwhile, other characters such as Mrs Fairfield seek to avoid the sun through the course of the story and Uncle William is referred to, as we hear that he went to the mines, andgot a sunstroke there and died. There is an undertone of death, and anxiousness about morality that run throughout, and these can be strongly linked to the presence of the sun. In conclusion, it is clear to see the way Mansfield creates a fluctuating experience of an ordinary mind, and hints strongly at the joys and terrors of both sexuality and mortality. In Bliss we are allowed to see a fairly biased insight into the life of a woman with free flowing sexual desires which transcend the bounds of heterosexuality. Mansfields clever imagery and juxtaposition of the ordinary with the strong sexual desires of Bertha clearly create the impression of an ordinary woman trying to break free from normal social constraints and express her repressed sexual desire. Bertha is not only curious and excited about her subconscious thoughts, but at the same time terrified about the implications and consequences they may have. The idea of ordinary minds and ordinary lives continues in At the Bay, where Mansfield cleverly creates a story which seems to be concerned with family ties and tensions, yet beneath the surface delves into a whole host of issues regarding mortality and death. The sun is highly significant in At the Bay, the characters in the story live by it and at the same time fear it. It controls their lives and has the potential to bring death. It is through the sun that Mansfield highlights the anxieties of death and mortality.

Latin Verbs - Deponents

Latin Verbs - Deponents Deponent verbs are active in meaning and passive in form.This means that if you see a deponent like conor, you must translate it as an active verb; here: I try. In the dictionary, you will see the verb for to try listed as conor, -ari, -atus sum try Conor is the present passive first person singular indicative, but because the verb is deponent, it is translated as if it were active.Conari is the present passive infinitive. Because of the a. you can tell this is a first conjugation verb. Conari is translated as if it were an active infinitive: to try.The third entry in a non-deponent verb is the third principal part, which gives you the perfect active stem. If the verb were laudo, you would seeRemove the i from laud avi and you have the perfect stem. There is none in the case of conor, because in deponent verbs, the third principal part is skipped.laudo, -are, -avi, - atus praiseConatus sum is the perfect passive participle plus the first person of the verb for to be. In a non-deponent verb, this form would give you the perfect passive, but here the form gives you the perfect active: I tried. In a non-deponent verb, the sum would not be added.Except where the forms are missing, deponent verbs are conjugated just as other verbs in their conjugations.Latin Grammar Tips Latin SupineLatin Verb EndingsLatin ImperativesLatin InfinitivesLatin Verbs - Person and NumberLatin Words - Where Do You Add on Endings?Passive Periphrastic

Application of Electrical Technology Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Application of Electrical Technology - Assignment Example In industrial applications, the switchgear is constructed with high-voltage circuit breakers and they may be lined-up together with the transformers in one unitized substation (USS). Switchgear de-energize loads in order to allow work to be done and also to enable clearing of faults downstream power systems. In the construction of protection relays, the current coil of the relay is connected to the secondary current coil of the transformer. Moreover, the secondary voltage coil of the transformer is connected to the voltage coil of the protection relay. When a fault occurs in the circuit feeder, an increased mmf of a current coil of the relay is triggered. The increased mmf closes the normally open contact of the relay that in return closes and completes the DC Trip Coil Circuit. The mmf of the Trip Coil initiates a tripping mechanical movement on the circuit breaker that causes it to isolate the fault. A sub-station refers to a part of an electrical generation, distribution, and transmission that that performs the function of voltage transformation from high to low and vice versa. A power plant refers to an installation that is used for the production of electricity while a power equipment refers to any equipment that is powered by electricity. A ring is an electrical wiring technique that enables the use of wires of smaller diameter than the ones used in the radial circuit, but of equivalent total current. On the other hand, feeders refer to a set of electric conductors that transmit power from the primary distributor centers to secondary distribution centers or branch-circuit distribution centers. An isolation transformer is installed between an AC power source and medical grade equipment in order to protect patients and staff from electric shocks in case faults occur due to the defectiveness of a medical grade equipment or use of a non-medical grade.

Someone to Respect and Admire Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Someone to Respect and Admire - Research Paper Example He earned his electrical engineering degree from Mysore University. He later earned his degree in computer science Indian institute of Technology (IIT), Kanpur. IIT is treated as one of the top engineering colleges in the country. In 1981 Mr. Murthy founded Infosys Technologies alongside six of his friends. Some will even be surprised to know that none of the friends actually ha the capital of start the company. However wife of Mr. Murthy, who also happened to be an engineer by profession had somehow managed to save Rs. 1000 i.e. $250 that was donated by her for the company. Since then it really has been a fairy tale. From the extreme modest beginning the company has become a corporate giant achieving one success after the other. In 2001 the company became was chosen as the best managed company in the Asia. It is also the biggest exporters of software from India. From its humble beginnings the company has expanded its horizon and is present in all over the globe with over 60 offices including the U.S. (Barney, 2010, p.216). Essence of integrity and Ethics in the leadership The best way to focus on the essence of integrity and ethics is probably through an example. With an objective to interview Mr. Murthy an interviewer once visited the office of his. It is said that at that point of time the company had suffered loss in stock value growth. When the topic was asked to Mr. Murthy the answer given by him was amazing, inspirational and ethical to say the least. As per Mr. Murthy the advice given him to the colleagues in not too look at the stock market as it was believed by him that there is so very little to look at the stock. According to him to main objective of the company must be to maintain transparency to the investors, no to violate the law of the land and maintain harmony in the society and deliver quality products to the clients on time (Singhal, 2003, P.45). Insight into the leader Mr. Narayana Murthy is truly an inspirational leader to say the least. I t has already been discussed about the journey of the company from its modest beginning to the pinnacle of success. It was once said by him only that a true leader is the one who leads from front. A true leader leads by example. He sacrifices more than anyone in the quest of excellence. It has always been the belief of his that if confidence is provided to the people tremendous things can be achieved. It has been the belief of the great man that people having entrepreneurial strengths must have ideas which are marketable in nature. Success can’t be achieved alone, the very essence learnt by him at a very young age from his father paid rich evidence in the success as he believed that entrepreneurship is a marathon but a hundred meter dash. In the year 199 the company became the first registered Indian company listed on American stock exchange. As per a poll by Asiaweek Mr. Murthy was chosen as one of the most powerful people in Asia. He was also voted as the best CEO (Murthy, 2010, p.9). The standouts of the person The factors influencing the success of Mr. Murthy are undoubtedly his vision. Once it was said by him that beyond certain point money should only be treated as a power and opportunity to give something back to society. Over the course of time this has always been backed up through his actions. The driving force behind his success is not destination, but the love of the journey. Here another example must be taken. It has become a corporate culture to work for late hours, something which is a

The problems facing itc

The problems facing itc Report Purpose This report has been compiled by the Director of Human Resources at the request of the Board of Directors. Following on from the recent study of the organisation by external consultants, a number of problem areas have been identified in relation to HR practices, policies and implementation. It is the purpose of this report to analyse the findings of the study compiled by the consultants and recommend the courses of action necessary to address the problems identified The Problems Facing ITC The organisation is currently comprised of four separate functions: administration, production, retail, and customer service. These functions are spread over a number of sites with administration and production sharing a single site, retail function operating from several locations, and customer service spread across three call centres. The problems which are facing the organisation vary depending on the function and location. The administration function of head office and the production function of the factory are both based on the same geographical site. Although the functions are working in close proximity to each other they are very different in terms of working conditions, practices, and pay systems. These differences are creating tensions across the departments and leading to a â€Å"them and us† culture. Some of the differences identified include; bonus scheme in the factory but not the head office, poorer working conditions in the factory compared to head office, lack of subsidised canteen for factory staff which is available to administrative staff. Some problems are common to both functions such as lack of promotion opportunities for internal candidates and poor general perception of staff abilities by managers. As well as these, the factory also suffers from a blame culture apparently fostered by poor product quality. The retail outlets have a separate set of problems. There is potentially a discrimination problem in the recruitment and selection processes employed for managerial staff. There are currently no female managers of retail outlets and there has been at least one complaint of discrimination referred to a trade union by an unsuccessful female candidate for promotion. This complaint has received the backing of a number of the individuals colleagues. The call centres are very highly pressured, time-oriented environments in which to work. There are significant pressures to deal with customer enquiries quickly and to sell as many new packages as possible. Pressure is exerted by supervisors whose salaries are dependent on the abilities of the centre staff to generate income through sales. Across the organisation there is a general feeling that staff are underpaid in relation to competitors and not valued as an asset of the organisation. There is an increasing trend towards trade union membership which is probably a sign of growing disaffection within the workforce as a whole. There are also a growing number of customer complaints, mainly directed at retail and customer service staff as they are the customer-facing part of the organisation. These complaints are generally centred on lack of knowledge of products on the part of retail staff and poor customer service from the call centre staff. As detailed there are a multitude of different problems facing ITC with the lack of consistency of treatment of staff across the organisation and poor communication of organisational values being major contributing factors. The morale of the workforce is low and there is a lack of loyalty to the organisation demonstrated by high levels of staff turnover. It is not purely a matter of low salaries as it has been recognised that staff leave the company to work for other organisations for little in the way of additional reward. The managerial and supervisory staff also appear to be unable and/or unwilling to tackle the problems which leaves the staff with no alternative but to seek advice and assistance from the trade unions. The consultants reported that there is no inherent problem with the quality of the core workforce but that the managerial staff are not sufficiently competent to be able to recognise and build on the attributes of the workforce. This combination of factors and probl ems could potentially all be explained within the concept of employee engagement. The main thrust of this report will, therefore, concentrate on the implementation of an employee engagement programme as an initial means of addressing the issues currently facing ITC. Other means of tackling the identified problems over the longer term will also be discussed and recommendations made. Employee Engagement The CIPD (2009) define engagement as â€Å"†¦creating opportunities for employees to connect with their colleagues, managers and wider organisation. It is also about creating an environment where employees are motivated to want to connect with their work and really care about doing a good job.† Why is employee engagement relevant to ITC? Almost all examples quoted in the consultant findings demonstrate an out-and-out lack of employee engagement; moreover, the opposite appears to be the case. At this point, it is important to note that a global survey by BlessingWhite Intelligence (2008) on the state of employee engagement found that that â€Å"Indian workers are among the most focused and satisfied in the world†. In the Asia-Pacific groupings, full engagement for Indian employees reaches 34% in comparison to the lowest of only 10% for China. Moreover, over 65% of respondents said ‘yes when asked if, assuming they had the choice, they would hope to remain within their organisation in 2008. From this, the apparent lack of employee engagement and retention issues apparent within ITC would appear to point to something we are doing wrong as a company. The first question should be: Why is employee engagement important? Links between employee attitudes, employee management and business performance have been repeatedly demonstrated in CIPD (Nov 2009) research, and the Aberdeen Group (2009) reported only this year that 82% of ‘Best-in-Class organisations attributed employee engagement initiatives directly to transformations in revenue and / or profitability. Employee engagement spills into the concept of the ‘psychological contract. The ‘psychological contract is a popular framework within which aspects of the employee relationship can be studied (Bratton Gold, 2007; 14). Guest and Conway (2002) define it as â€Å"the perceptions of the two parties, employee and employer, of what their mutual obligations are towards each other†. These obligations tend to differ from individual-to- individual and are often imprecise / unspoken and inferred â€Å"from actions or from what has happened in the past, as well as from statements made by the employer†(CIPD Nov 2009). This contract forms the basis for employer brand (CIPD Jan 2009); positive brand can of course help promote recruitment and improve staff retention levels. For the latter reasons, ITC should pay close heed to this contract. After all, taking account of the emotional needs of the employee ought to be a consideration when we consider they are the only resour ce within our organization that can simply â€Å"walk out†, taking their skills and possible opinions of negative employer brand with them. Customer service issues With regards to the consultant reports of customer service issues, several studies have found that employee engagement is an important variable on this front. The CIPD (2009; 2) reported that Visa Europe figures show that employee engagement levels ran parallel with an increase in customer satisfaction. Likewise, it seems intuitive that an increase in customer satisfaction would henceforth lead to an increase in financial performance. In a recent study within the customer service industry by Chi and Gursoy (2009), empirical support for this link was indeed presented. On the engagement level, while they found employee satisfaction did not appear to impact on financial performance directly, they did find an indirect relationship between the latter, with customer satisfaction acting as the mediator. Storey, on the other hand refers to engagement as EIP (employee involvement and participation) and stated that it is â€Å"thought to contribute to improved levels of worker satisfaction and commitment and, subsequently, organisational performance.† From this it would appear that engaged and satisfied employees are a requirement for customer satisfaction, with customer satisfaction being the strongest indicator in financial performance. It would also appear, however, that all three variables are required to be woven into the same fabric for overall business success. For ITC, without employee engagement / satisfaction, there will little customer satisfaction, and without customer satisfaction there will be no success. The obvious lack of ITC employee engagement at this moment in time is a worrying factor with regards this tripartite equation. Therefore, the obvious question should be how do we tackle employee disengagement, how do we go about driving employee engagement? Employee engagement drivers According to the CIPD (Nov 2009), there is no absolute list definitive of engagement ‘drivers. Their research has shown, however, the key employee engagement drivers are:  § Opportunities to feed employee views upwards  § Feeling well-informed about what is happening in the organisation  § The employee believing that their manager is committed to the organisation Most writers agree that one of the most important factors at play with regards employee engagement is reciprocal communication between management and the requirement to keep all employees well informed, etc. As you might imagine, these factors are also very much involved in the psychological contract; it is also suggested that, in a crisis, â€Å"mutually recognised expectations are best shaped by honest communication and solid information† (Dietz 2009). At this moment in ITC history, we might be described as being on the verge of crisis point. Intranet 2.0 A technology that appears oddly lacking in ITC since its inception is Corporate Intranet. All of the key engagement drivers suggested above can to some extent be addressed with the implementation of an Intranet solution. This of course would not solve all of our problems, but it would at least supplement any other measures we ultimately put into place. This Intranet should not be of the antiquated variety (known as Web 1.0), that is, typified by static pages, existing with the sole purpose of providing information. We should be embracing all that Web 2.0 tools have to offer (i.e. highly dynamic / interactive internal social networking tools, instant messaging, wikis, blogs, discussion forums, and RSS feed technologies, etc.). Intranet 2.0 is still very much in its infancy, so the ability to introduce a rich networking environment is very much in line with core business strategies of innovation and creativity. We also have a largely young workforce, and Web 2.0 technology tools are so mething the younger generation have grown accustomed to, and this acquaintance can be employed to our advantage in the recruitment field. When it comes to the employees call to connect with managers, the desire to believe in their commitment, and having the opportunity to have views fed upwards, the sharing medium of Intranet 2.0 is ideally suited to help facilitate these key engagement drivers. Web 2.0 tools flatten company hierarchy by providing a transparent path of communication between employees at all levels, from the Company Director down to the shop floor worker. It can provide staff across geographical location, irrespective of position or intellect, the opportunity to ‘float ideas on new product ranges, best practices, working procedures, etc. via live suggestion boxes. These ideas can appear in real time and will open to further comments / suggestions by all staff. Intranet 2.0 can also provide a channel for feedback on organisational news announcements, strategies, etc. This type of feedback can help â€Å"managers to gain insight into the needs and motivations of employees† (BlessingWhite Inc. 2008). Indeed, employee attitude surveys can be a regular feature of the system, the results of which can used to measure employee engagement and gauge feeling amongst the workforce, all of which can help ITC identify areas to focus improvement towards. The contribution such an Intranet can make as a training and development tool cannot be underplayed. It can provide the workforce with the most up-to-date product information, tutorials, and marketing material, etc. This information does not have to appear in the way it did pre-Web 2.0, where static pages were displayed across the organisation, meaning each employee would be required to wade through pages in order to arrive at the relevant ‘nugget of information. Intranet 2.0 provides levels of personalisation to the point of providing â€Å"each employee with news updates focused on their job role† (Nielsen, J. 2009). This would be of particular benefit when it comes to areas such as the customer complaints we have been receiving from the call centre regarding staff not being â€Å"up-to-date† on products. For example, this type of system has the capability to consistently display individual staff with the most â€Å"up-to-date† products details and Q A s cripts, etc. As this Intranet 2.0 proposition is based on helping the flow of communication across the entire organisation, then logically, we would require all staff to have appropriate access to such a system. Head Office, call centre and retail staff are likely to have ready access to PC, laptop, mobile phone technologies in order to do this. In the factory, however, such access is very likely limited. To get around this, deployment of PCs / touch-screens at specific locations throughout the factory is recommended; perhaps inviting factory floor staff to use the system during lunch breaks, etc. Following the suggestion that we allow all employees across the site access the canteen, situating access in this area would also make sense. Web 2.0 technologies and business performance Beyond the obvious communication-flow benefits of Web 2.0 technologies, recent findings by the Aberdeen Group also provide positive figures for their business performance benefits. Saba (2009) reported that they found that 52 % of organisations who employed social networking tools, blogs, and wikis achieved ‘Best-in-Class compared to only 5% for those who did employ them. They also provided figures for Web 2.0 tools in relation to employee engagement. They found an 18% average year-on-year increase in employee engagement for organisations employing Web 2.0 technologies in comparison to a mere 1% for those who did not Options for Change Short-term An employee engagement programme and corporate communications strategy should both be developed as a matter of urgency to stem the tide of disaffection and high levels of turnover within our workforce. This will undoubtedly require a certain level of upfront investment but will, I believe, begin to pay dividends at a very early stage. Part of this investment may have to include outlay for extra personnel and equipment to implement these solutions as we currently do not have the specialist staff available in-house to fully utilise the technology required for this communications systems implementation, nor the staff to adequately implement an employee engagement programme. Long-term An organisation-wide job evaluation scheme is required as a means of rationalising the pay scales of the separate functions into one transparent system. The use of bonus payments to boost the wages of certain sections of the workforce should be reviewed and possibly abolished. Exact costs of this proposal are difficult to predict until the completion of the job evaluation exercise, but it may well be a cost-neutral option with increases to basic salary costs being offset by reduction in bonuses. Any subsequent increase in the overall salary costs which may arise would hopefully be countered by increased productivity. A scheme which would encourage secondments between departments should be developed. This would allow staff to gain a better understanding of the operations of the other functions within the organisation. This scheme could also be of benefit in assisting to identify personnel with potential for promotion or who could perform better in a different role. The hierarchy in the factory requires a radical overhaul with a view to rationalising the management structure. The ratio of managers to supervisors is far higher than the ratio of supervisors to production workers. The potential savings gained from this approach could be used to increase the salary of the supervisors in return for taking on greater responsibility for operations in their sector. This would create a more prestigious role for the first line supervisor and a more strategic one for the remaining managers. A process is required which will recognise the potential leaders and managers of the future from within the existing workforce. Learning and development for staff should be a core principle of the organisation. Staff with the potential to move on to other roles within the organisation should be identified, encouraged and developed in order to achieve this. There is also a need to introduce learning and development opportunities for staff who do not necessarily wish to move on to other roles. Members of staff may be satisfied with the role they are performing but it is still necessary to ensure that there are opportunities for personal growth and satisfaction within that role. The emphasis on speed in dealing with customer enquiries within the call centres should be replaced by an ethos of efficiency in dealing with those enquiries. This would be a more cost-effective approach as an enquiry dealt with efficiently initially is less likely to generate future similar enquiries from the same customer and reduce complaints of poor service. Conclusion Being an â€Å"Employer of Choice† is not simply about offering the best salary. The whole package must be seen as appealing in order to attract and retain the correct calibre of staff who share the vision of the organisation and who want to actively contribute to its success. It has been stated (CIPD, 2009) that: â€Å"Engaged employees are more likely to act as organisational advocates than disengaged employees and can play a powerful role in promoting their organisation as an employer of choice.† For this to work, staff must feel that their views are welcomed and they are valued as individuals. This should result in higher levels of motivation and increased morale which, in turn, should reduce staff turnover. Our aim is to spread the word about how good ITC is to work for and hence attract the maximum number of high calibre candidates for posts who then want to stay with the organisation to reach their full potential. We also have to accept that by attracting the highest calibre of candidate we will inevitably lose a number of high-performing staff over time as they wish to progress beyond what the organisation can offer. We must be prepared not only to embrace this, but actively encourage it, and accept that for the organisation to grow there will be a certain degree of turnover of ambitious staff. The upside of this is that there will be regular opportunities for existing staff to progress through the organisation increasing levels of loyalty and improving morale.

Feminist Theory

Feminism refers to political, cultural, and economic movements aimed at establishing greater rights, legal protection for women, and or women's liberation. It includes some of the sociological theories and philosophies concerned with issues of gender difference. Nancy Cott defines feminism as the belief in the importance of gender equality, invalidating the idea of gender hierarchy as a socially constructed concept. Feminism has earned itself a bad reputation, but it never undermined gender differences that exist between males and females. A man can never be as good a mother as a female can.Similarly, a woman can never be as good a father as a male can. While accepting these anatomical and physiological differences between the two genders, feminism seeks for both genders to be equally respected. They are both human and as a species, humans cannot progress without either one of them. Maggie Humm and Rebecca Walker divide the history of feminism into three waves. The first wave transpi red in the nineteenth and early twentieth century’s, the second occurred in the 1960s and 1970s, and the third extends from the 1990s to the present.In each wave of the movement, though men have taken part in significant responses to feminism, the relationship between men and feminism has been complex. Historically, a number of men have engaged with feminism. Philosopher Jeremy Bentham demanded equal rights for women in the eighteenth century. In 1866, philosopher John Stuart Mill presented a women's petition to the British Parliament and supported an amendment to the 1867 Reform Bill.An extension of feminism into theoretical or philosophical fields such as anthropology, sociology, economics, women's studies, literary criticism, art history, and psychoanalysis is called feminist theory. Feminist theory aims to understand gender inequality and focuses on gender politics, power relations, and sexuality. While providing a critique of these social and political relations, much of feminist theory focuses on the promotion of women's rights and interests. Themes explored in feminist theory include discrimination, stereotyping, objectification (especially sexual objectification), oppression, and patriarchy.Today, feminist theory has manifested in a variety of disciplines such as feminist geography, feminist history, feminist theology, and feminist literary criticism and has changed traditional perspectives on a wide range of areas in human life, from culture to law. Feminist activists have campaigned for women's legal rights such as rights of contract, property rights, and voting rights while also promoting women's rights to bodily integrity and autonomy, abortion rights, and reproductive rights.They have struggled to protect women and girls from domestic violence, sexual harassment, and rape. On economic matters, feminists have advocated for workplace rights, including maternity leave and equal pay, and against other forms of gender-specific discrimination aga inst women. During much of its history, feminist movements and theories were led predominantly by middle-class white women from Western Europe and North America. However, at least since Sojourner Truth's 1851 speech to American feminists, women of other races have proposed alternative feminisms.This trend accelerated in the 1960s with the civil rights movement in the United States and the collapse of European colonialism in Africa, the Caribbean, parts of Latin America, and Southeast Asia. Since that time, women in former European colonies and the Third World have proposed postcolonial and Third World feminisms. Postcolonial feminists argue that oppression relating to the colonial experience, particularly racial, class, and ethnic oppression, has marginalized women in postcolonial societies.They challenge the assumption that gender oppression is the primary force of patriarchy. They object to portrayals of women of non-Western societies as passive and voiceless victims and the portr ayal of Western women as modern, educated, and empowered. Today, they struggle to fight gender oppression within their own cultural models of society rather than through those imposed by the Western colonizers. They, thus, react against both universalizing tendencies in Western feminist thought and a lack of attention to gender issues in mainstream postcolonial thought.Some postcolonial feminists, such as Chandra Talpade Mohanty and Black feminists, such as Angela Davis and Alice Walker, are critical of Western feminism for being ethnocentric. Chandra Talpade Mohanty criticizes Western feminism on the ground that it does not take into account the unique experiences of women from third-world countries or the existence of feminisms indigenous to third-world countries. This discourse is strongly related to African feminism and is also associated with concepts such as black feminism, womanism, Africana womanism, motherism, Stiwanism, negofeminism, chicana feminism, and femalism.Pro-femi nism is the support of feminism without implying that the supporter is a member of the feminist movement. The term is most often used in reference to men who are actively supportive of feminism and of their efforts to bring about gender equality. The activities of pro- feminist men's groups include anti-violence work with boys and young men in schools, offering sexual harassment workshops in workplaces, running community education campaigns, and counseling male perpetrators of violence.Pro-feminist men also are involved in men's health, activism against pornography including anti-pornography legislation, men's studies, and the development of gender equity curricula in schools. This work is sometimes in collaboration with feminists and women's services, such as domestic violence and rape crisis centers. Some activists of both genders refer to all pro-feminist men as ‘pro-feminists' and not as ‘feminists'. There have been positive and negative reactions and responses to fe minism, depending on the individual man and the social context of the time.These responses have varied from pro-feminism to masculism to anti-feminism. In the twenty-first century, new reactions to feminist ideologies have emerged, including a generation of male scholars involved in gender studies and men's rights activists who promote male equality including equal treatment in family, divorce, and anti ­discrimination law. Today, academics like Michael Flood, Michael Messner, and Michael Kimmel are involved with men's studies and pro- feminism.The United Nations Human Development Report 2004 estimated that, when both paid employment and unpaid household tasks are accounted for, on average women work more than men. In rural areas of selected developing countries women performed an average of 20 per cent more work than men, or an additional 102 minutes per day. In the OECD countries surveyed, on average women performed 5 per cent more work than men, or 20 minutes per day. On 3 Sept ember 1981. The UN Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW), described as an international bill of rights for women, came into force.While Iran, Sudan, Somalia, Qatar, Nauru, Palau, and Tonga have not ratified CEDAW, several countries have ratified the Convention subject to certain declarations, reservations, and objections. A number of feminist writers maintain that identifying as a feminist is the strongest stand men can take in the struggle against sexism. They have argued that men should be allowed, or even be encouraged, to participate in the feminist movement. Other female feminists counter- argue that men cannot be feminists simply because they are not women.They maintain that men are granted inherent privileges that prevent them from identifying with feminist struggles, thus making it impossible for them to identify with feminists. Irrespective of what the feminist writers maintain, the feminist movement has effected change in Wester n society, including women's suffrage, greater access to education, more nearly equitable pay with men, the right to initiate divorce proceedings and ‘no fault' divorce, and the right of women to make individual decisions regarding pregnancy (including access to contraceptives and abortion), as well as the right to own property.