Westpac CSR Essays

Westpac CSR Essays Westpac CSR Essay Westpac CSR Essay The origin of the CARS reporting can be included as Shaping the future landscape and managing the current landscape. It contains several meanings. For the external stakeholders, the company seeks to not only focus on increasing the shareholder value, but anticipate the most pressing emerging societal issues to benefit the customers and the wider community as well. For the internal stakeholder, the company wants to continually improve the staff morale by creating a company where people want to work. In order to achieve this, the company has issued its Social Impact Report since 2002. The report shows clear assure of performance against more than 70 indicators covering social, environmental and economic dimensions. 2. Situation of Western 1. 1 Key issues The issues that are currently most material to Western group are illustrated as follow. The first issue is customer service that focuses on how to build deeper relationships with customers. The second issue is regulation that considers how to ensure productively engage in regulatory discussions to create a better financial system. The third issue is multi-brand that focuses on how to ensure keep the brands distinctive and respect customer choice. The fourth issue is future growth that given global uncertainties and lower rates of domestic credit growth. The fifth issue is IT systems that concerns about IT stability and security across the industry and what Western are doing about it. The sixth issue is employee development that concerns how to ensure employees are given opportunities to develop and how to equip them with the skills to address the challenges of the future. The seventh issue is responsible lending and investment that concerns how to make sure Western group take account of the challenges of their changing world by considering environmental, social and governance issues in their investments and lending. The eighth issue is climate change that includes the challenge of reducing emissions whilst growing business and transitioning financing activities to low emission activities and industries. The last one is diversity and flexibility that considers how to build on early progress to ensure that Western group continues to be a place where the best people want to work. As the commitment to corporate responsibility of Western group is by fully integrating corporate responsibility into the way do ore component of Wastepapers culture and corporate strategy including managing environmental impact. 1. 2 Key stakeholder The major stakeholder of Western group includes suppliers, shareholder, employees, partners, customers, environment, and community. Wastepapers CEO has overall responsibility for the Groups environmental policies and performance with Board oversight via the Board Sustainability Committee, which includes monitoring strategic and operational response to climate change. Wastepapers Environmental Coordinator co-ordinates the environmental policy development and ensures that the implementation of its objectives and reporting responsibilities are consistent group wide. Wastepapers Environmental Advisory Group is central to the management of operational issues including taking account environmental impact into lending process for customers across the group as well as development and implementation of energy management and emissions reduction programs. 1. 2. Suppliers The sustainable supply chain practices of Western group were top-rated for the banking sector by 2011 DOD Jones Sustainability indexes. Western group have continued to roll out their sustainable supply chain management (SCM) framework o suppliers with continuous improvement of the SCM framework, which allow Western to target suppliers more efficiently comply with SCM requirements. Paper is a core resource of Western and is created from limited global resources by production processes that c an have negative social and environmental impacts. The objective of Western is to minimize the quantity of paper purchased and maximize the sustainable qualities of the paper used consistent with business requirements. The Western Group requires its suppliers with sustainable forestry management practices and clean production processes. Also Western is committed to working with its suppliers to improve the social, ethical and environmental business practices of its supply chain and reduce packaging. If suppliers do not meet the criteria outlined in paper purchasing policy, Western will work with them to remedy gaps in performance or end relationships with those suppliers who fail to demonstrate sufficient improvement over time. Western also engage suppliers, business partners, industry colleagues, customers and other stakeholders, and seek to collaborate with them to implement the paper purchasing policy. 1. 2. 2 Customers The most significant impact Western group can have is to assist its customers transition to a low carbon economy by managing the emissions from their products and services. Sustainability objectives of customer set by Western in 2011 was that to be ranked as the top 12 for net promoter score (NAPS) in Australia amongst the major banks and SST. George banking group, achieved NAPS scores of +1 for retail and -12 for business in Western New Zealand and to be top 3 regional player in carbon related markets by 2013. 1. 2. 3 Employees Employees of Western were encouraged to participate in initiatives through sustainability employee program, Our Tomorrow, with membership of more than 2500 employees. Additionally, 85% of Western employees have participated in volunteering or fund raising activities like charity walks, charity bike rides, donations and so on. As the program of getting off the treadmill, the proportion of women in management at Western has risen from 14% to 45% between 1994 and December percentage of women in senior management roles to 40% by the end of 2014 and implement initiatives to address outcomes of diversity audit. 1. 2. 4 Environment Western started concern about the environment impact since 1992. For example, In 992 Western was a founding signatory to the United Nations Environment Program Finance Initiative. In 2006 Western formed the Australian Business Roundtable on Climate Change, which commissioned significant research on the economic impact of climate change, with five other corporations and the Australian Conservation Foundation. In 2007 Western formed a further group of nine companies, which commissioned further research into the barriers to the rapid development and deployment of low and zero emission technology. Western continue to participate in the carbon Disclosure Project and it is the only bank to achieve a 100 point that AAA dating in the 2007 climate Disclosure Leadership Index. Also, Western volunteers rolled up their sleeves to help turn destruction into something positive like helping create a walking trail in the overgrown wilderness of rain forest bush adjacent to the school after the fires hit the east coast in 2001. The major problem of environment for Western is Climate Change. The approach of Western to climate change is to minimize direct environmental footprint; manage climate risks and build capacity across the business; develop products and services that drive positive environmental outcomes; engage employees around climate change issues and impacts; and communicate and advocate within the wider community. 1. 2. 5 Community Western group has community partnership program based on the premise that they can have a bigger impact on society by working closely with several key community groups over the long term and helping their partners find innovative ways to address the social issues. Western group piloted local working groups focused on environmental and community projects at four of their large key sites, in addition to existing local community engagement across their brands. Western group provides not-for-profit organization community groups with access to specialized business and finance tools and training that help them grow their capacity to deliver community services and support, such as business and financial management workshops, Western community solutions package and pro-bono support. Western has also committed to helping sustain indigenous communities that Western has worked together with indigenous Enterprise Partnerships since 2001. Additionally, Western has been a national sponsor of the JUDD Walk to Cure Diabetes since 1998. Each year employees will help raise money. Furthermore, the Western foundation helps to provide disadvantaged young people with training and a new chance in life. In 2011, Western set sustainability objectives of community that is to reduce scope 1 and 2 emissions by 30% on 2008 levels by 2013, embed organizational mentoring into operational process by 2013, provide management on your money program to 45000 new Islanders by 2013 and launch a major initiative to help address social disadvantages. 3. Analysis of CARS Reporting Issues Using GRID Approaches According to analysis above, there are nine material issues which will influence CARS porting of Western. The following paragraphs will try to analyses these issues with GRID approach. . 3 Economic Perspective due to the 6% increase in housing loan and the offset by the 1% decline in business loan. The decline in business loan indicated the unsatisfactory economic environment. The increase in housing loan indicated that Western had a very good relationship with customers. This could be verified by the increase of customer number which is from 11. 8 (millions) in 2010 to 12. 2 (millions) in 2011 . However, Western still failed to achieve some objectives in relation to customer service. For nonuser NAPS which seeks to measure advocacy of customers, SST. George and Western were ranked 1 and 4 respectively in 2011 amongst the major banks rather than 1 and 2. Furthermore, Western in New Zealand has not achieved NAPS scores of +1 for retail and -12 for business either. Therefore, customer service still needs to be improved. Table 3. 1: Net profits of Western 2011 $m 2010 $m 2009 $m Interest income 38,098 34,1 51 30446 Net profit attributable to owners of Western 6,991 6,346 3446 It can be seen from Table 3. 2 below, salaries and other staff expenses increased by $ 65 million compared to 2010. One factor that contributed the increase was the average salary increase of 4% from January 2011, which indicated that Western aimed to increase employees benefits. Equipment and occupancy expenses were $1,115 million, an increase of $33 million compared to 2010. The increase was largely associated with refurbishment and expansion of brand and ATM networks. Table 3. 2: Operating expenses of Western Salaries and other staff expenses 4,055 3,990 3,806 Equipment and occupancy expenses 1,115 1 ,082 926 2,344 2,439 Total operating expenses 7,406 7,416 7,171 1. Social Perspective As Western is a multi-brand company, different brands will have different ways to improve customer service and develop deeper customer relationship. For example, Western Retail Business Banking launched Local Business Sentiment Survey to give the companys business customers insights into local issues and the strategies to deal with them. However, Western New Zealand used new innovations to improve customer servic e. Western has made a very good process on their objectives this year to achieve gender equality. Western now has 37. 5% women on the leadership role compared with that of 35. 4% in 2010 and has been working hard to move awards its 40% goal. Western and business bank also provides women with education, information and networking opportunities. Western has improved the reliability of IT system significantly during 2011. The number of technology related outages has reduced by a further 40%, which made critical customer related systems now available for customers. For example, Western New Zealand adopted Smart Deposit machines and Cash Exchange machines, which successfully helped the company to reduce branch queues by 40%, in order to provide better customer service. Western needs to make its service more efficient and improve its products continually. By process improvements, Western has achieved the reduction of customer complaints by 42%. This is due to the efficiency of service which will reduce the waiting time of customer. Western also tries to develop more innovative products to make customers more satisfied. For example, the Altitude Platinum Card was awarded Smart Investors best full featured credit card and Canned was awarded five stars to the Altitude Classic/Gold/ Platinum and Earth Platinum cards in 2011. Western also cares much about employees education level. For example, Bank of Melbourne invested over 7,000 hours of training and development in all of the people. Western has a very high employee engagement. Annual Employee Survey indicated that our employees remain highly engaged, with the employee engagement in 2011 result up one percentage point to 81%. Encouragingly, the People Leader Index of Western has again improved and is now at 83%, placing us above the Global High Performing Norm of 82%. Table 3. 3 Community Investment 2011 2010 2009 Community investment Financial reporting basis ($m) 135 136 Community investment GRID reporting basis ($m) 155 116 One performance indicator of social responsibility is the community investment. It can be seen from table 3. , community investment increased significantly in 2011 compared with that in 2010 from GRID perspective. By comparison, from financial perspective, the community investment decreased slightly. However, if the company compares the data in 2010 and 2011 with the years before, it can be seen that the community investment increases significantly. 1. 5 Environmental Perspective The climate change is a global issue faced by all organizations. The amount of CA emission released by organizations is a very important factor which could be used to measure the companys corporate social responsibility. The process of replacing outdated equipments with more energy efficient ones helps Western to reduce the release of CA emissions, with the estimate of 1 5000 tones reduction during the year. According to CARS report of Western, total scope 1 and 2 emissions has reduced from 189,425 tones in 2010 18th,124 tones minion and total scope 3 emissions reduced from 70457 tones to 57163 tones which is a satisfactory result. The reduction of paper use from 6655 tones to 6262 tones contributed a lot to the reduction of emission. 4. Recommendation for Solutions and Explanation According to the behaviors that Western undertook to solve the CARS problems eased on GRID approaches, it seems to be the right way to achieve the ambition of CARS reporting like respect, sustainability and responsibility. 1. 6 Economic Perspective The actions Western took may decrease the profit in dollars in short term, but in long run, since Western tried to establish a strong relationship with customers as well as increase employees values, a lot merits may occur to underpin the profit generation process and achieve a sustainability of profit of Western. . 7 Social Perspective Based on analyzing the issues of suppliers, Western decided to do business with the appliers that comply with SCM in order to reduce the paper usage so that CA emission would decrease. It is a necessary way to discharge the responsibility of Western to protect the sustainability of environment, and helpful to sustain a long- term profitable development of the org anization. However, a problem occurs. Concerns only about one aspect of suppliers cannot help achieve overall sustainability of organization. For example, reducing the paper use for serving the The way to tackle it is caring about the relations among different stakeholders and trying to balancing them when there is conflict among each other. In terms of the aspect of customers, Western launched surveys, improved the reliability of IT systems, and provided services that are more efficient as well as changing product portfolio along with the changing tastes of customers, all these actions contributed to the sustainability of Western. Firstly, surveys identified customers preferences and Western was able to follow them in order to achieve a sustainable development. Secondly, advanced IT systems reduced complaint rates and enhanced efficiency helps retain customers, build reputation, saving resources and attract potential customers. Finally, launching different products according to different needs may enlarge the range of customers and increase the economic scale of organization. However, there is still a gap between the objective of rank 1 or 2 and the real situation, thus there should be a deeper analysis about whether Western did focus on certain customers rather than other else, which damaged the long-term development of organization. Western also concerned about employees sustainable development. It paid attention to equity of gender, education level and safety of working environment, which helped achieve the aim of CARS reporting of respecting he employees rights like equality, self-development and safety. In addition, since Western had done a lot in this area, employees may work even harder and stay longer in return, which contribute to the sustainability of organization. Additionally, Western invested a lot in communities so that money goes into different areas where needed and social sustainability can be improved. 1. 8 Environmental Perspective Finally, in relation to the environment aspect, Western endeavourer to reduce the emission of CA, which would assist in attaining the environmental sustainability.

Put Adverbs in Their Place

Put Adverbs in Their Place Put Adverbs in Their Place Put Adverbs in Their Place By Mark Nichol When, how, or why something is done is expressed by an adverb, whose primary function is signaled by its name: Adverbs modify verbs (and sometimes other parts of speech more on that later). They appear more or less in proximity to the verb they modify, but their syntactical location can vary for diverse reasons. An adverb often follows a verb: â€Å"I stated the rule clearly,† but it can precede the verb (â€Å"I clearly stated the rule†) and even the subject (â€Å"Clearly, I stated the rule†). Note, however, that the latter form can be confusing: Does the sentence mean that I succeeded in my attempt at clarity, or is the sense that it is obvious that I stated the rule? The sentence, or one that precedes or follows it, must include context. Also, punctuation can change the meaning: â€Å"I stated the rule, clearly† differs in sense from â€Å"I stated the rule clearly.† (The version with the comma connotes that the writer believes that the fact is obvious.) And what if a sentence includes two or more verbs? Place the adverb to make it clear which verb it modifies: â€Å"She drove quickly to the store and selected a hat† (or, again, â€Å"She quickly drove . . .† or â€Å"Quickly, she drove . . .†) describes a lead-footed motorist, while â€Å"She drove to the store and selected a hat quickly† (or â€Å". . . quickly selected a hat†) suggests an impulsive, determined, or hurried shopper. Adverbs are applied to infinitives, which are verb phrases beginning with the word to. The pedantic admonishment against inserting is challenged in this previous post by another DailyWritingTips contributor; suffice it to say here that such sentence constructions as â€Å"He sought to successfully challenge the champion† (rather than the awkwardly hypercorrect â€Å"He sought to challenge successfully the champion†) are valid. Adverbs, curiously, also modify adjectives (themselves modifiers), prepositions, and even other adverbs. In â€Å"They were nearly correct,† for example, nearly modifies not the preceding verb were but the following adjective correct, and in â€Å"She and I met right on that corner† right modifies the prepositional phrase that follows, rather than the verb before it. â€Å"We quite rightly refused,† meanwhile, quite modifies its fellow adverb rightly. Adverbs change position depending on whether they are employed in declarative statements (â€Å"He really is that gullible†) or interrogative sentences (â€Å"Is he really that gullible?†). Also, they often have distinct meanings based on their position in a sentence; for examples, see the section â€Å"Misplaced Words† in this post. Some writing guides seem to give adverbs a bad rap, but read those resources carefully: The more sensible among them advise, as I do in this previous post about adverbs, hesitation in their employment only because their liberal use is often associated with limp verbs. And do take care to locate them correctly and effectively. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Definitely use "the" or "a"Disappointed + PrepositionArtist vs. Artisan

The Therapist's Perspective of Using Modern Communication Technology Essay

The Therapist's Perspective of Using Modern Communication Technology to Deliver Psychosexual Therapy - Essay Example Moreover, the paper will focus on the therapist’s perception of working with sexual issues using modern communication technology. The paper will also address the therapist’s perception of the challenges, strengths of process, and the effectiveness of psychosexual therapy delivered using modern communication technology. Examples of modern communication technology to be discussed in the paper include mobile phones and computers with the use of Skype, Internet, video conferences and video calls, social networking and instant text messaging. The therapist’s perspective of using modern communication technology to deliver psychosexual therapy Introduction The rapid advancement of technology over the last decades has heralded a significant change in the development of technological applications in psychotherapy. The use of modern technology in psychological counselling has become extremely common and popular in the world of today. This has seen widespread usage of moder n technological devices in the world of psychotherapy. The various psychological devices used in the world of psychotherapy and psychological counselling include computer-administered therapy, self-help Internet sites, virtual reality therapy, adjunctive palmtop computer therapy, and the use of biofeedback through physiological monitoring (Gladding, 2004). Therapists prefer to use technology owing to the various advantages and benefits that it offers. Technology contributes significantly to giving clients feedback regarding what causes or contributes to their problems and their response to the therapy administered by the practitioner. Therapists have employed the use of technology such as computers, video calls, instant text messaging, among others in counselling couples who have psychosexual problems. What is Psychosexual Therapy? According to Evans (2008), psychosexual therapy is part of marriage counselling where the therapist works with two people in a relationship. As part of m arriage counselling, psychosexual therapy aims at assisting couples to understand their conflicts and resolve them with an aim of improving their relationship. At the end of the counselling sessions, the couples should have gained the ability for better communication, problem solving capacities, and know how they can negotiate their differences. During the counselling sessions, the couples get help from the therapist about sexual issues and other essential issues in the relationship. Some of the issues addressed during marriage counselling encompass anger, sex problems, illness as well as problems in communication. To manage the resulting stress and conflicts, couple counselling through psychosexual therapy becomes very essential. Psychosexual therapy entails some form of treatment by qualified practitioners addressing emotional problems or sexual dysfunctions in a relationship. Psychosexual counselling helps solve the problems, which may be causing distress to a couple in a marriag e or partners in a relationship. As a behavioural programme, psychosexual counselling explores and discusses the sexual problems openly and dwells on the emotional blocks that the couple has. Some of the issues addressed through psychosexual therapy in men include premature ejaculation, erectile failure, as well as retarded ejaculation. The key dysfunctions encountered by women encompass orgasmic dysfunction, dyspareunia, and vaginismus (Mcleod, 2009). The therapists have their own perceptions while working with couples in a

Review of GE company Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Review of GE company - Case Study Example Among them, Aberdeen in Scotland, London in England, and Cardiff in Wales are the most prominent locations where the firm's offices can be found. Company's investment is not limited to any one particular sector, but the company has invested in multiple sectors. Most prominently, the company has invested in Technology Infrastructure, Energy Infrastructure, GE Capital and NBC Universal. All of these entities and subsidiaries have a significant presence in the entire United Kingdom. The company as a whole is a subsidiary of one of the largest companies of the world, General Electric. In the UK, the company is more focused in the field of Aviation and is found to be heavily involved in the work of aircraft engines. The company has two major facilities pertaining to aviation in Wales. It has two specialists overhaul and repair facilities in the notable areas of Cardiff and Prestwick. The company's recent acquisition of Smith Aerospace has made it the world leader in aviation and aerospace industry. It has achieved this position by continuously following the strategy of innovation and it was one of the major factors in making the firm as the winner firm and market leader in the aviation industry. The invention of turbojet engines was a landmark in the history of the company's continuous struggles toward innovation and coming up with "first of its type" products. The company developed some great things, but among them the turbojet engines GE90 and GEnx hold distinctive position. The company is said to be the largest supplier of engines to corporate, military and marine industries not just in the UK, but all over the world. GE, in the recent years, has also focused on operation excellence in combination with responsible leadership. These attributes are hallmark in the long history of GE's success. The company has always given special emphasis to health, safely and environment costs. The greatness of GE lies not just in identifying the problems that are prevalent in above mentioned field, but also finding the solutions to these problems. In the year 2008 alone, the company's hard work resulted in reduction in the injury and health problems of workers by 12 percent. In the very same year, the company committed and achieved reduction in wastewater exceedances by 8%, lost time rate by 7 percent, and Air exceedances by a massive 53 percent. The company has been recognized for its continued involvement in the CSR (Corporate social responsibility) and in the year 2008 alone, it received 650 external accolade, recognitions from the government and other NGO operating in the country. GE is also a worldwide partner of Olympic Games. GE has been providing some important services during these games to the organizers, athletes and participants that are very important for the successful organization of these games. In order to help the organizers to stage these events properly, GE works very closely with the organizers, local municipalities and government to deliver the best-possible solutions to the problems that may occur in staging the event. In order to depict the commitment of GE to these games and to the UK as country, GE has decided to go for GOLD in the upcoming Olympic Games in London. GE is sponsoring the Triathlon team representing the United Kingdom. GE has also worked very closely with Freightliners Limited to come up with the solution to rail road freight problems. The two companies worked tirelessly to come up with a freight

Business Process Reengineering Essay Example for Free

Business Process Reengineering Essay Whenever we order our drinks at the coffee shops on a daily basis, we are actually triggering a business process. When the waiter at the coffee shop takes the order at our table, he will pass our orders to the kitchen by yelling our orders from one end of the coffee shop to another. Most of the time, the kitchen helper will hear the order and start to prepare. The waiter will then go around taking a few other orders. After he is done with taking orders, he will collect the drinks from the kitchen and serve it to the customers. Customers will then pay up for the drinks. In the event there isn’t enough change for big notes, the waiter will have to go back to the counter to break the notes into smaller variations in order to return the correct amount of change to the customers. In some cases, he might deliver the wrong order as he doesn’t note down the orders in pen and paper, he just passes on the order to the kitchen by shouting. Restaurant scenario Many years down the road, the coffee shop has earned enough to pay for a renovation and overhaul. The boss of the coffee shop has decided to upgrade the coffee shop to a restaurant. He realises that he need to retrain his staff to operate the restaurant as the methods of operating a restaurant differs from the methods of operating the coffee shop. He also realise that he can incorporate some equipment to help him process orders more efficiently. In summary, he needs to change the way the restaurant does things (processes) and how he does things (Method/tools used to carry out the task). The boss has to do a total revamp of the methods and processes of how he was previously used to in the coffee shop. This is what is meant by business process reengineering. In definition, business process is an organizational change in its methods used to redesign an organization to improve efficiency and effectiveness (Mehta, 2011). Reengineering is the organizational change characterized by drastic process transformation. Concepts BPR focus Objectives In order for companies to operate more efficiently, reduce waste, retain their customers and drive sales, understanding and applying BPR is essential for this change to happen. Firstly, we have to map out the organization’s goals, objectives, primary business function, the people they have and the tools they use. The second objective would be to analyse the current process and redesign/revamp them. By doing so, companies will be able to achieve better ROI and eliminate waste. This will help the company to gain competitive advantage over others in its efficiency and also profits (Muharram, 2007). Perspective of BPR BPR is a framework designed for companies to adopt. This framework helps to optimize processes by making it more streamlined. A good example to explain this point would be the difference between a vertical and cross functional organization. Horizontal organization In a horizontal organization, the customer interacts only with one party but in a vertical structure, customers might have to deal with different departments. Figure 3 shows a customer dealing with his account manager for the application of a loan. In the process, the customer does not need to deal with the different departments involved in the application of a loan. This allows the loan application to be more streamlined (Zigiaris, 2000). A vertical structure is not as efficient as customers will have to deal with several departments to process their requests. In a call centre environment, when the customer logs a call for a IT issue, the calling department will answer his call and log the case. He will then be transferred to the technical department who will assist him with 1st level troubleshooting. In the event he cannot solve the problem, the matter will be escalated to a level 2 support and also a product specialist. After his issue has been resolved, he will be transferred to the payment department where he will pay for the IT services he has used. After making payment, he will receive an email from the feedback department where they will ask the customer for feedback for the case. This slows down the entire process of resolving the problem from end to end. One of the main goal in BPR is to optimize the processes that takes place within the organization and reduce lead time. In order to do so, businesses has to look at its processes from a clean state perspective. For a company to be able to streamline their processes, they have to add value to their customers through their processes. Processes should maintain its ability to add value to customers. For those processes that do not, we can automate them and put the focus on adding value. This will result in higher customer satisfaction, better efficiency, elimination of watse and greater ROI(Park, 2008). BPR Methodologies There are several techniques to business process redesign and reengineering. We will discuss a few in this section. Hammer and Champy A major overhaul in the organization’s process and structure is one of the keys to ensuring that cost is lowered and service quality is being improved. The means of implemeting these is via the use of information technology. Besides reorganization and using IT to power the business, redesigning the work process and optimizing it, helps the organization to reduce time taken, lower costs and improve quality (Rouse, 2009). A Case study of Ford Motor Company Ford used to employ 500 accounts payable staff in the past. These 500 staff are running the tasks of tracking faults between purchase orders, receipts and invoices. After Ford decided to reengineer their process, the number of staff needed reduced from 500 to 125. Their reengineering efforts include: * Creating an online database where all purchase orders issued by the buyers are being captured * Goods are being checked when received. The shipment being sent has to match with that in the database. This allows the staff to check if the goods were actual orders being indented. This system of checking eliminates the need to check for faults between purchase orders. * Goods being received will be marked as received and the database is being updated real-time. (Hammer Champy, 2000) Perspective of process reengineering by Hammer and Champy 1. Organize around outcomes, not tasks. 2. Identify all the processes in an organization and prioritize them in order of redesign urgency. 3. Integrate information processing work into the real work that produces the information. 4. Treat geographically dispersed resources as though they were centralized. 5. Link parallel activities in the workflow instead of just integrating their results. 6. Put the decision point where the work is performed, and build control into the process. 7. Capture information once and at the source. (Rouse, 2009) The methodology preached by Hammer and Champy clearly reflects what was being discussed in the BPR focus and objectives at the start of this report. Its focus is to eliminate waste and also to focus on deliverables that will add value to customers. In order to do so, IT systems can be employed in order to automate processes which do not add value. This point of automation is being reiterated in the case study of Ford Motors. This concept of rethinking and redesigning the business process radically helps us to improve many areas of the business such as lowering costs, improving customer service, ensure quality is being maintained and speed up the entire workflow.

Al :: Essays Papers

Al â€Å"Alphonse Capone was born on January 17,1899 in Brooklyn New York to Gabriele, who was thirty years old, and his pregnant twenty-seven-year-old wife Teresina, his two-year-old son Vincenzo and his infant son Raffaele (Bergreen 1996 p.7).† Capone grew up in a rough neighborhood by the time he was eleven he was in two gangs one was the kids gang the brooklime rippers and the forty thieves juniors. Capone quit school in sixth grade at the age fourteen. Between scams, he was a clerk at a candy store, a pin boy at the bowling alley and a cutter in a bookbindery; later on he became part of the notorious five points gang in Manhattan. Capone was once a bouncer at the Harvard Inn for Frankie Yale. Capone got the nickname scar face from an incident he had at the Inn where he insulted a female patron and was attacked by her brother. The attack left a scar on Capone’s face. Capone met an Irish girl in 1918 named Mara (Capone nicknamed her Mae) at a dance. On December 4th Mae gave birth to their son Albert â€Å"Sonny† Francis Capone, and on December 30th they married (Kobler 1992 p.20). The first time Capone was arrested he was charged with disorderly conduct and the murder of two men, Capone was never tried for the murders. Yale sent Capone to work with his old mentor John Torris, who was working for his uncle, â€Å"Big Jim† Colisimo. Colisimo was a Chicago crime boss. When Colisimo forbade Torris from running a bootleg racket, Torris decided to eliminate his uncle. Torris saw Capone’s potential and soon Capone was helping Torris manage his bootlegging business. By 1922 Capone was Torris’s right hand man and became a full partner in his businesses, which included saloons, gambling houses and brothels. Torris was shot by a rival gang member and decided to leave Chicago. Capone became a major crime boss, the men trusted Capone and he proved to be a better business man and expanded his business holdings and now controlled night clubs, horse tracks, breweries, brothels and gambling houses there were reports that said his income was $100,000,000 a year. He also got a cleaning and drying plant chain in Chicago. The mayor also known as big bill Hale Thompson Jr said that Capone was bad for his political image so he ran him out of Chicago (Tully 1958 p. Al :: Essays Papers Al â€Å"Alphonse Capone was born on January 17,1899 in Brooklyn New York to Gabriele, who was thirty years old, and his pregnant twenty-seven-year-old wife Teresina, his two-year-old son Vincenzo and his infant son Raffaele (Bergreen 1996 p.7).† Capone grew up in a rough neighborhood by the time he was eleven he was in two gangs one was the kids gang the brooklime rippers and the forty thieves juniors. Capone quit school in sixth grade at the age fourteen. Between scams, he was a clerk at a candy store, a pin boy at the bowling alley and a cutter in a bookbindery; later on he became part of the notorious five points gang in Manhattan. Capone was once a bouncer at the Harvard Inn for Frankie Yale. Capone got the nickname scar face from an incident he had at the Inn where he insulted a female patron and was attacked by her brother. The attack left a scar on Capone’s face. Capone met an Irish girl in 1918 named Mara (Capone nicknamed her Mae) at a dance. On December 4th Mae gave birth to their son Albert â€Å"Sonny† Francis Capone, and on December 30th they married (Kobler 1992 p.20). The first time Capone was arrested he was charged with disorderly conduct and the murder of two men, Capone was never tried for the murders. Yale sent Capone to work with his old mentor John Torris, who was working for his uncle, â€Å"Big Jim† Colisimo. Colisimo was a Chicago crime boss. When Colisimo forbade Torris from running a bootleg racket, Torris decided to eliminate his uncle. Torris saw Capone’s potential and soon Capone was helping Torris manage his bootlegging business. By 1922 Capone was Torris’s right hand man and became a full partner in his businesses, which included saloons, gambling houses and brothels. Torris was shot by a rival gang member and decided to leave Chicago. Capone became a major crime boss, the men trusted Capone and he proved to be a better business man and expanded his business holdings and now controlled night clubs, horse tracks, breweries, brothels and gambling houses there were reports that said his income was $100,000,000 a year. He also got a cleaning and drying plant chain in Chicago. The mayor also known as big bill Hale Thompson Jr said that Capone was bad for his political image so he ran him out of Chicago (Tully 1958 p.

Elements of Drama Essay

The Essential elements of drama are present in any play that you see, but the ideas have changed slightly over the years. Aristotle was the first to write about these essential elements, more than two thousand years ago, yet we still discuss his list when talking about what makes the best drama. Aristotle considered six things to be essential to good drama. Plot, Character, Theme, dialogue, music/rhythm and spectacle. In modern theater, this list has changed slightly, although many of the elements remain the same. The list of essential elements in modern theater are: * Character * Plot * Theme * Dialogue * Convention * Genre * Audience Plot: It is the sequence of events or incidents of which the story is composed. It refers to the action; the basic storyline of the play. Characters: They are the figures that acts in a play. a Flat character is known by one or two traits; a Round character is complex and many-sided; a Stock character is a stereotyped character; a Static character remains the same from the beginning of the plot to the end; and a Dynamic (developing) character undergoes permanent change. This change must be 1. within the possibilities of the character; 2. sufficiently motivated; and 3. allowed sufficient time for change. Theme: While plot refers to the action of the play, theme refers to the meaning of the play. Theme is the main idea or lesson to be learned from the play. In some cases, the theme of a play is obvious; other times it is quite subtle. Conflict: It is a clash of actions, ideas, desires or wills. A conflict is a person against person, a person against environment or a person against herself/himself. Spectacle: It refers to the visual elements of a play: sets, costumes and special effects. Spectacle is everything that the audience sees as they watch the play. Genre: Genre refers to the type of play. Some examples of different genres include, comedy,  tragedy, mystery and historical play. Dialogue: This refers to the words written by the playwright and spoken by the characters in the play. The dialogue helps move the action of the play along. Music/Rhythm: While music is often featured in drama, in this case Aristotle was referring to the rhythm of the actors’ voices as they speak. Convention: These are the techniques and methods used by the playwright and director to create the desired stylistic effect. Audience: This is the group of people who watch the play. Many playwrights and actors consider the audience to be the most important element of drama, as all of the effort put in to writing and producing a play is for the enjoyment of the audience.

Goals of Community Corrections Essay

Identify the goals of Community Corrections and determine if the goals are being met. What would be your team’s recommendation to improve Community Corrections? Today, 3 out of every 4 persons under correctional supervision in the United States are on some form of community-based custody-mostly probation or parole-although community corrections also includes halfway houses, residential centers, work furlough, and all other programs for managing the offender in the community. It is a legal status, an alternative to incarceration, a service-delivery mechanism, and an organizational entity. As an organizational entity, it has objectives and performs a wide range of activities-some totally unrelated to offender supervision and/or treatment. Having been founded more than 150 years ago, community corrections still has an unclear primary mission, with confusion about what activities contribute to that mission and how best to assess their performance. It’s amazing what people will believe and live by simply because â€Å"that’s the way it has always been.† Nobody ever thought to question the standard from which it began. Now, 150 years later, the problem is so magnificent that the mere thought of tackling such an issue exhaust the mind, therefore no one tries. The goals of community corrections that we have come across while researching include punishment, deterrence, incapacitation, and rehabilitation. I have found that this is a general outlook on the goals of community corrections, each corrections institute has their own set of goals for their particular community corrections department. Sharon found that the goals of the Florida department of corrections are: 1) Protect the public, staff and inmates 2) Develop staff committed to professionalism and fiscal responsibility 3) Ensure victims and stakeholders are treated with dignity, sensitivity and respect in making and executing administrative and operational decisions 4) Prepare offenders for re-entry and release into society are to see that offenders obey the law and to help them identify and address their problems. Shelly found that in Louisiana a few goals and priorities of public safety and community corrections are: public safety, of course hence the name, staff and inmate safety, provisions for service, opportunity for change, and the opportunity to make amends. The Louisiana corrections community also held a heart walk in Baton Rouge in March of last year hoping to raise money to help the communities that have been harmed by crimes. This allowed those who have changed or with a desire to change to be able to show their willingness and involvement. They raised over $37,000. I am not sure if the goals of community corrections are being made but it seems as if they are making a darn good effort. Community Corrections is basically the governments formula of keeping track of individuals who are insane or have somehow wronged society. The goal of The Community Corrections claim to be protecting the public, staff, and inmates. What exactly are Community Corrections protecting us from? It seems to me that Community Corrections are more avid in protecting profits, not people. The concept was developed 150 years ago in order to keep track of, punish, or incarcerate (remove) individuals who pose a problem to society. Vanessa personally thinks it is a huge joke and its funny how everyone accepts it. Community Correction’s say, â€Å"A community must take these necessary measures in order to stay viable.† What measures are being taken? That depends on where the individual lives. Even then it is rare to see a community excel or benefit from any of these â€Å"measures† taken. If the government really wanted to correct problems in the community they would start by developing a standard from which to start. This would begin with identifying actual problems and researching the best method to deal with the problems. Only then could they create a unified community corrections facility that actually does what it’s name claims. To improve community corrections :The National Institute of Corrections should 1) take a pro active leadership role in influencing national policies, practices, and operations by developing programs that address areas of emerging interest and concern to corrections executives, practitioners, and public policy makers; 2) Respond to client agencies and staff with relevant and useful assistance to improve their corrections systems. We need to improve offender job training and placement efforts. â€Å"Public safety† and â€Å"restorative justice† are big ideas now making claims on the future of community corrections. Despite their uncertain futures, restorative justice and public safety are already  reshaping community corrections around the country. In order for public safety to serve as a strategic objective for community corrections, answers are needed to some basic questions: What is public safety? Where is it found? What would probation and parole agencies have to do for there to be more of it? In popular discourse, public safety is equated with more arrests, more prisoners, longer sentences, and lower rates of recidivism. These are conventional output measures of the criminal justice  system, but they are poor proxies for public safety. Public safety defined: As an objective for community corrections, public safety is best conceived as  the condition of a place, at times when people in that place are justified in feeling free of threat to their persons and property.[2] As a condition of place and time, public safety is threatened whenever a vulnerable person or unguarded property is in the same place as a potential offender at a time when

The factors affecting tensile strength Essay Example

The factors affecting tensile strength Essay Example The factors affecting tensile strength Paper The factors affecting tensile strength Paper I am comparing four sets of data. My data will be categorical. There is a simple statistical test which looks at the difference between observed and expected values and relates them to a probability level, thus making it possible to identify how likely it is that the values are significantly different. This test is called the Chi squared test. Precautions to ensure reliability   We are assuming ethnic background does not affect our results. It will not cause a massive variation in our conclusion.   All hair samples must be taken from 16-18 year old females. 6 different samples must be taken for each colour of hair. Make sure all equipment is set up; ensuring the strand of hair is fastened to the shown equipment correctly. (Figure 5). * Each hair is tested five times, so I am repeating the experiment, to make my results reliable and more accurate. Results (My own (raw data) results will be highlighted in dark red on tables 2, 3, 4 5). (The letter B is used in my results to show where the hair broke). Investigating the factors affecting tensile strength of human hair Analysing: (Skill C) Calculations Strength is determined by the amount of stress a hair can withstand without breaking. To work out the strength of each hair I calculated the stress applied to each when breaking. To do all the calculations I used the following formulas: 1  I calculated my values to do the statistical test. Discussion Melanin molecules are proteins, which are produced at the root of each hair. The more melanin in your hair, the darker it will get. An amino acid called tyrosine is converted into melanin so the hair will have colour. First, the bodys blood vessels carry tyrosine to the bottom of each hair follicle. Then, in this melanin factory tyrosine is used as the raw material for the production of the natural melanin that is the colour in hair. In short, natural hair colour depends upon the presence, amount and distribution of melanin, a natural pigment found in the cortex. All natural hair colours are created from two types of melanin. Eumelanin = black pigment Pheomelanin = red/yellow pigment Mixed melanins = when both eumelanin and pheomelanin mix together inside one melanin granule. The natural colour of the hair is decided by: a) What type of melanin is in the hair b) How much melanin is in the hair c) How closely packed or scattered the melanin is within the cortex. The type of melanin and the size of the granules determine whether hair will be brown, blonde, ginger or black. The amount of melanin and its distribution determine how dark or light the hair colour will be. Black hair is created from granules full of eumelanin densely packed in the hairs cortex. Brown hair, depending on its cool or warm tones and its darkness or lightness, is created either from granules filled with eumelanin and more sparsely distributed along the cortex than those of black hair, or granules filled with a blend of mixed melanins. The red/yellow pheomelanin is believed to cause the warm, golden, or auburn tones found in most brown hair. Blonde hair has a very low melanin content. And while scientists have not yet determined which is dominant, it is believed that eumelanin creates blonde hair. Melanin in blonde hair is so sparse that what we actually see is the colour of the hair fibre itself, keratin, which is a pale yellow, off-white shade. Granules filled with pheomelanin create Ginger hair. The pheomelanin in ginger hair is less densely packed in its granules. Its shape is somewhat more irregular than its black counterpart, eumelanin. It is slightly rounder and more spread out. From my results I found out that brown hair needed the greatest amount of force to break. Blonde hair needed the least amount of force to break. Black hair was second strongest and ginger hair was third strongest. The order of strength (from my results) of hair is as follows: Brown, Black, Ginger, and then Blonde. Brown hair stretched the most before breaking. Blonde hair stretched the least before breaking. Black hair stretched the second furthest and ginger hair stretched the third furthest. The order of length of hair stretched (from my results) before breaking is as follows: Brown, Black, Ginger, and then Blonde. Brown hair experienced the highest strain before breaking and blonde hair experienced the lowest strain before breaking. The order of strain experienced by hair (from my results) before breaking is as follows: Brown, Black, Ginger, and then Blonde. Brown hair experienced the highest tensile stress value before breaking and blonde experienced the lowest tensile stress value before breaking. The order of tensile stress experienced by hair (from my results) before breaking is as follows: Brown, Ginger, Black, and then Blonde. Graph 1 shows the average force required to break the four colours of hair. From this graph I can see that brown hair required the greatest force to break. Black hair also required a large amount of force to break and so did ginger hair. Black hair only required a small amount of more force to break then ginger hair. The breaking force required for brown, black and ginger hair was quite similar. Blonde hair required much less force to break compared to the other colours of hair. This proves that the disulphide bonds in the blonde hair are not a big advantage for strength of the hair. The darker the hair the stronger the force required for the bonds in the hair to break. The darker the hair the more resistant it is to breaking when forces are applied. The darker the hair the higher concentrations of melanin present along the hair cortex. The same sort of pattern is seen in graphs 2, 3, 4 and 5. Graphs 2, 3, 4 and 5 show the extension of hair when masses are added. Blonde hair breaks the earliest and brown hair breaks the latest. Graph 2 shows brown hair. Brown hair requires about 120g to extend up to about 70mm before breaking. The graph follows a basic trend and there are no anomalous results. All results fit the line of best fit. Graph 3 shows blonde hair. Blonde hair requires about 80g to extend up to about 35mm before breaking. The graph follows the basic trend and most results fit the line of best fit. There is one anomaly, though. The extension should not increase and then decrease. It should keep on decreasing. There must have been an error in recording this result. The results in graphs 2, 3, 4 and 5 are all averages. To work out the blonde values in table 32, the results in tables 12, 13, 14, 15, 16 and 17 were used. There was only one value for the extension at 80g, in table 15. This value was smaller than the average of all the extensions in all six tables. This sample of hair should have broken at 80g not 90g. This did not happen. This may have been an error in not measuring correctly. Graph 4 shows ginger hair. Ginger hair requires about 100g to extend up to about 60mm before breaking. The graph follows the basic trend until it gets to 55g point. From this point onwards the hair length increases and decreases dramatically. This should not happen. The reason why this happens is described above with the blonde hair. It is an error in measuring. Graph 5 shows black hair. Black hair requires about 140g to extend up to about 65mm before breaking. This graph is perfect. There are no anomalies. All points meet the line of best fit accurately. Graph 6 shows the average stresses and strains experienced by each hair colour. All four hair colours are plotted on the same graph so they can be easily compared against each other. Brown, blonde and ginger hairs do not follow the normal trend. The stresses and strains for these three should continue to increase. Tables 57, 58, 59 and 60 show where the stress and strain values came form. The results are like this because when the stress and strain values were calculated the average extensions were used, which had a few faults, as describe above. Graphs 7, 8, 9 and 10 show clearly what is happening to the stress-strain curves. Graph 7 shows one anomalous result. It has a high stress and strain value. Graph 8 also shows only one anomalous result. These two graphs show the basic trend. Graph 9 shows the normal trend until the stress value gets to 150Nm-2. Then it decreases and goes back on itself. This should not happen. The reason for this is explained above. There is an error in the extension averages. Graph 10 shows no anomalies. Graphs 11, 12, 13 and 14 show modified values for stress and strain in all colours of hair. Graph 11 shows the modified stresses and strains for brown hair. This graph does not bend backwards and the stress and strain values do not decrease. Graph 12 shows the modified stresses and strains for blonde hair. This graph does not show values of stress and strain decreasing. Graph 13 shows the modified stresses and strains for ginger hair. This graph has changed a lot. It reads much clearer. Stress and strain increases throughout. This is exactly what the graph should look like. Graph 14 is the same as graph 10. It did not need any modifications. The toughness of a hair is measured of its resistance to break. A lot of energy is required to break a tough material. Finally, the strength of a material (or tensile strength) is the greatest tensile stress it can undergo before breaking. Hair is an elastic material; it can stretch to a certain maximum point (elastic point) before breaking. The largest tensile stress that can be applied to a material before it breaks is known as its ultimate tensile stress (UTS). This value is sometimes referred to as the materials breaking stress. Graph 7 shows the stress-strain points for brown hair. Graph 11 shows a modified version of this. The UTS for brown hair is 359. 03. Graph 8 shows stress-strain points for blonde hair. Graph 12 shows a modified version of this. The UTS for blonde hair is 125. 48. Graph 9 shows the stress-strain for ginger hair. Graph 13 shows a modified version of this. The UTS for ginger hair is 286. 58. Graph 10 shows the stress-strain points for black hair. Graph 14 shows a modified version of this. The UTS for black hair is 158. 31. Overall I can see that brown hair was the strongest. This was not expected. I expected black hair to have the highest tensile strength, as it had a higher density of melanin along the cortex. Blonde hair turned out to be the one with the lowest tensile stress. Ginger haired people have a high density of the pheomelanin pigments in their hair fibre. Those who produce virtually no eumelanin have a red to orange colour depending on the density of the pigment in the hair fibre. Red haired people who have a greater relative proportion of eumelanin production have a deeper red to red brown colour. Ginger hair also should have a high tensile strength. This is what I saw in my results. Black hair should also have a high tensile strength. My results showed black hair to have high tensile strength but not the highest. There are other ways in which hair tensile strength could have been measured. Hair products like shampoos have an effect on hair tensile strength. They are now designed to change hair strengths. Different makes of hair shampoos could be used. Strength could be measured in a similar way to how I measured it. A control will be also be needed, with hair with no products added. These modifications in Graphs 11, 12, 13 and 14 show what the stress strain graphs should look like. In Graphs 7, 8, 9 and 10 the lines should not bend backwards. Statistical Test I will be using the (Chi squared test) X2. The formula for the Chi squared test is as follows: X2 = ? [(O E) 2 /E] O = Observed value E = Expected value The ((O E) 2) part of the formula considers the size of the difference between the observed and expected values. This difference could be either positive or negative. To avoid the mathematical problems associated with negative values, the difference is squared. The (E) part of the formula relates the size of the difference to the magnitude of the numbers involved. The sigma (? ) sum symbol is required because there is not just one pair of observed and expected values, but several (in this case four). By taking all the observed values of stress from tables 57, 58, 59 and 60, I can work out the expected value for each hair colour. I can then place these values in a table and work out the value for X2, using the chi squared formula. To calculate the degrees of freedom to be used can be found as follows: Number of categories minus 1. In this case: 4 1 = 3 The critical value (taken from critical values for the Chi squared test) at 3 degrees of freedom is 7. 81 (at the 5% level). The test statistic (X2 = 94. 235) is greater than the critical value(C. V = 7. 81, at the 5% significance level). We therefore can reject the null hypothesis and state there is a significant difference between the observed a Investigating the factors affecting tensile strength of human hair Evaluating: (Skill D) Limitations The selotape holding hairs in the paperclip at the top and at the bottom could have interfered with the tertiary structure of the protein, keratin. This could have increased or decreased the bond attractions in the hair to cause the hair to have a high or low tensile stress. This would make my results unreliable. The hairs showing higher tensile stress may just be showing how sticky the selotape is and how strongly it is holding the hair structure together. This though, would affect all my results, as all hair samples had selotape on them to hold them together at the top and at the bottom. So, this limitation would affect all hairs making it a very weak limitation. My conclusion will not be affected as this limitation affects all hairs.   The time in between weights were added is another limitation. When each weight was added the hair stretched. But when there were a lot of weights on hair, the hair stretched quickly and then the length was measured. After I finished measuring the hair had slowly stretched a little bit more. So the measurement was wrong. When the next weight was added extra extension was added onto the new extension. My results were affected by this because some extensions were false making some data imprecise. Therefore, my conclusion will be invalid, because some hair samples could have broken at lower weights if I had waited for the hair to stretch, very slowly until it broke. There needed to be a time limit in which I had to record the extension of the hair, before adding the next weight to the hair. The eye piece graticule can be a limiting factor. Different people measured hair thickness and recorded it to what they felt the thickness ought to be according to the scale. It was not very clear to see how thick the hair was, as the hair was faded under the microscope at all magnifications and the outline was difficult to see. This could affect my results as the thickness of hairs was used to calculate the cross sectional area of the hairs, which was then used to calculate the tensile stress experienced by the hair. This could make my tensile stress values incorrect. My conclusion therefore could be affected; by making out that a certain coloured hair had a higher tensile stress than another coloured hair, when really it shouldnt have. This would make my conclusion unreliable.   There were different shades of hair colour, for example, there were light brown hair colours and dark brown hair colours. It was sometimes hard to distinguish between brown and blonde. This was the same for blonde hair. This would have an affect on the reliability and precision of my results making the accuracy of the strengths of different colours of colours of hair inaccurate. There should have been a certain shade of colour of hair (same amount of melanin in each brown hair) used for each colour sample. My conclusion will be imprecise because brown or blonde hair shades could cause incorrect results and make my conclusion incorrect.   The 10g mass is a limitation as the hair could break at lower masses than they actually did, for example a hair that broke at 50g could have broken at 41g, but I wouldnt know that as I only used 10g masses. So, I got false readings implying the hair is stronger than it actually is. If smaller masses were used my results would be much more accurate to make my conclusion reliable. This limitation could cause my conclusion to be invalid, causing the hairs strength and point on breaking higher or lower than it actually is. Conclusion After doing my statistical test I can reject my null hypothesis and accept my hypothesis and say that brown, blonde, ginger and black hairs differ in tensile strength. I have proved this difference in my calculations, mainly in graphs 1 and 6. From my results I can see that darker coloured has a higher tensile stress compared to lighter coloured hairs. In my hypothesis I said that lighter coloured hair would have a higher tensile strength than darker coloured hair, due to lighter coloured hair having sulphur-sulphide bonds, which are very strong. I have disproved this. Through testing all four colours of hair I can see that these strong sulphur bonds do not reflect any tensile strength qualities. Lighter coloured hair does not have an advantage over dark coloured hair when it comes to tensile strength. It mainly depends on the type of melanin the hair contains. The denser the melanin quantity is the stronger the hair.

Definition of Examples in Rhetoric

Definition of Examples in Rhetoric In rhetoric, an example is a particular instance that serves to illustrate a principle or support a claim. It is also known as exemplum  and is related to  example (composition). Examples that serve a  persuasive purpose  are  a type of  inductive reasoning.  As Phillip Sipiora points out in his discussion of rhetorical  kairos, [T]he  concept of the example is itself a critical dimension of the  rhetorical  logical appeal, or argument (at least in Aristotles theory of  rhetoric, the  most comprehensive extant treatment of classical rhetoric)  (Kairos: The Rhetoric of Time and Timing in the New Testament.  Rhetoric and Kairos, 2002).Examples are supplementary evidence, notes  Stephen Pender. As a weaker form of persuasion, examples are employed only when enthymemes are unsuited to an argument or audience... Yet examples have their place in reasoning (Rhetoric and Medicine in Early Modern Europe, 2012). Commentary Our whole economy hangs precariously on the assumption that the higher you go the better off you are, and that unless more stuff is produced in 1958 than was produced in 1957, more deer killed, more automatic dishwashers installed, more out-of-staters coming into the state, more heads aching so they can get the fast fast fast relief from a pill, more automobiles sold, you are headed for trouble.(E.B. White, A Report in January. Essays of E.B. White. Harper, 1977)There were aspects of living in that house overlooking the Pacific that he failed to mentionhe failed to mention for example the way the wind would blow down through the canyons and whine under the eaves and lift the roof and coat the white walls with ash from the fireplace, he failed to mention for example the king snakes that dropped from the rafters of the garage into the open Corvette I parked below, he failed to mention for example that king snakes were locally considered a valuable asset because the presence of a king s nake in your Corvette was understood to mean (I was never convinced that it did) that you didn’t have a rattlesnake in your Corvette . . ..(Joan Didion, Blue Nights. Alfred A. Knopf, 2011 Aristotle on Factual and Fictitious Examples Aristotle divides examples into factual and fictitious, the former relying on historical experience and the latter invented to support the argument... Holding together the categories of example... are two major ideas: first, that concrete experience, especially when it is familiar to an audience, is highly significant; and, second, that things (both material objects and events) repeat themselves. (John D. Lyons, Exemplum, in Encyclopedia of Rhetoric. Oxford University Press, 2001) Persuasive Examples As Quintilian defined it, an example adduces some past action real or assumed which may serve to persuade the audience of the truth of the point which we are trying to make (V xi 6). If, for instance, a rhetor wants to convince her neighbor that he should keep his dog inside the fence that surrounds his property, she can remind him of a past instance when another neighbors dog, running free, spread another neighbors garbage all over both front yards. Rhetorical examples should not be confused with the particulars used in inductive reasoning. This rhetor has no interest in generalizing about all dogs in the neighborhood but is only concerned to compare the actual behavior of one dog running free to the probable behavior of another in similar circumstances...Rhetorical examples are persuasive because they are specific. Because they are specific, they call up vivid memories of something the audience has experienced. (S. Crowley and D. Hawhee, Ancient Rhetorics for Contemporary Students. Pearson, 2004) Further Reading 40 Essay Topics: ExamplesArgumentExemplumFive Model Paragraphs Developed With ExamplesInductionLogicLogosPersuasion

I need 5 seperate one page weekly current events Article

I need 5 seperate one page weekly current events - Article Example This took place after his plea. After his prosecution, the federal government prosecutors had told a judge in New York about their exaggeration regarding the capabilities of the equipment found in the goods that he had previously been arrested for exporting. The judge has not made any efforts to change the judgment although the lawyers from both sides are continuing to press on the charges This is a complex case within which some banned actions can become legal after sometime. It shows how laws can shift from governing a certain activity to the providence of freedom. In this case, it moved from national security to freedom of internet for Iranians. A dilemma is thus presented regarding those who had been convicted of an action that has now become legal. In my opinion, they should be given consideration especially if it is later found that the activities in which they were involved were not as harmful as it had been earlier stated. The article focuses on the speech given by Governor Bobby Jindal on the significance of protecting liberty in the religious context. Majorly, he focused on some of the major attacks that have taken place against religious liberty citing especially the Obama administration. The speech was related to law in the sense that it talked about the rights of all American citizens as a whole and not the prerogative of a chosen few. This was mainly with the concern of people’s freedom. According to him, despite the diversity in belief shared by members of different denominations and faiths, every citizen still bears an intrinsic right to life, liberty and to pursue happiness. Instead of it bringing out a major difference, the diversity should be a foundation that forms the basis of law and foundation. It is thus an important aspect especially if people want to work together including the entrepreneurial spirit since they form the basis of